Lope de Vega

Lope de Vega ( born November 25, 1562 Madrid, † August 27, 1635 ibid; Complete name: Félix Lope de Vega Carpio ) was a major Spanish poet of the so-called Golden Age (Spanish Siglo de Oro ).

Life

Lope de Vega was the son of a simple family, who lived in the mountains of Cantabria. On December 6, 1562 he was baptized in San Miguel de los Octoes. He had four siblings: Francisco, Juliana, Luisa and Juan. He spent part of his childhood at the home of his uncle, the Inquisitor of Seville was.

1574 he went to a Jesuit school and a year later he released his comedy El verdadero amante. In 1577 he took up his studies at the University of Alcalá, which he finished in 1581. 1579 Lope de Vega entered the service of Bishop Jerónimo Manrique, who was him probably assist in graduating from the University of Alcalá. In 1580 he fell in love with María de Aragón ( Marfisa ); their daughter Manuela was baptized on January 2, 1581. In 1583 he met Elena Osorio, the daughter of the director Jeronimo Velazquez, for which he wrote plays, know. Although Elena Osorio was married to Cristóbal Calderón, he began a love affair with her that lasted over four years, which the enmity had with her father result.

End of the eighties Lope de Vega was already a popular author, if not the most desirable and best of all Spain. 1585 died his daughter Manuela. On December 29, 1587 Lope de Vega was arrested at the Corral de la Cruz during a performance because he had a satire and a sonnet against Jerónimo Velázquez and his family, especially to his daughter Elena Osorio written. In prison, he still wrote defamatory letters and verses against Elena Osorio, so he was exiled on February 7, 1588 for 2 years from the Kingdom of Castile and for four years from the court. The day after Lope de Vega left with Isabel de Urbina, whom he married on May 10, for tactical reasons, Madrid.

The following time they lived in Valencia, where their first daughter Antonia was born. On May 29, he volunteered in Lisbon on a ship of the Armada Invencible. After his return to Valencia Lope de Vega was very active and wrote his book primer Florilegio de romances. Lope de Vega was from 1591 to 1595 secretary to the Duke of Alba. 1594 died his daughter Antonia and his wife Isabel Urbina at the birth of another daughter, Teodora, who also died two years later.

1595 left Lope de Vega, the service of the Duke of Alba and returned to Madrid. There he was, judicially drawn in 1596 for the " cohabitation ", which he led with his widowed Antonia Trillo de Armenta accountable. In the same year he met the actress Micaela Lujan, with whom he had an affair a few years later. 1598 married Lope de Vega Juana Guardo, the daughter of a rich fish and meat suppliers, in the Iglesia de Santa Cruz in Madrid. This wedding was well thought out, because Juana brought a large dowry into the marriage. From 1599 to 1607 has Lope, still married, having an affair with Micaela Lujan, with whom he lived in Seville, Granada, Toledo and Madrid. At least five of the nine children who had Micaela, were of Lope de Vega.

1607 he joined initially as a " secret " secretary and later as secretary for political letters and love letters in the service of Luis Fernando de Córdoba. The initially purely professional relationship that lasted 28 years, was a true friendship. Two years later, the work of Arte Nuevo, where he is known to be very proud to have written 483 comedies appeared. In addition, in this work he developed his ideas about the dramatic art in which the natural beauty is the ideal of art.

In August 1613, died Lope de Vega's wife Juana Guardo. In the course of spring 1614 Lope de Vega was ordained a priest.

1635 died Lope de Vega in his home in Madrid, which was established in his honor in 1935 as a museum Casa Museo Lope de Vega.

The development of Spanish drama under the influence of Lope de Vega

He coined the classic form of Comedia with three acts, changing poetic meters and the figure of the " Gracioso " ( the funny opponent of the hero ). The main themes in his works are the honor, love, patriotism and religion. Another important issue is the family, which is often related to the honor in conjunction. He created the " cloak and dagger piece", the folk drama in which the right of the people is emphasized against the encroachments of the nobility, as well as mythological and pastoral pieces. Of the probably more than 1,500 Comedies are about 500 obtained ( best known of Zalamea The judge in the processing of Calderón de la Barca ); also poems and novels. A very important difference between the Italian and the Spanish Comedia Comedia is that the Italian very oriented to the Greek and Latin Comedia, whereas the Spanish Comedia refers to the Spanish culture alone.

Works

  • Arte nuevo de hacer manifesto come dias (1609 )
  • The famous drama of Fuente Ovejuna ISBN 3-15-008884-4
  • Shepherds of Bethlehem ISBN 3-458-33063-1
  • El acero de Madrid
  • Las almenas de Toro
  • Al pasar del arroyo
  • Los amantes sin amor
  • Amar, servir y esperar
  • Amar sin saber a quién
  • El amigo hasta la muerte
  • El amor enamorado
  • Amor y Pleito desafío
  • Arauco domado por el Señor Don García Hurtado de Excelentísimo Mendoza
  • Las aventuras de Don Juan de Alarcos
  • Ay, que en Verdades amor ...!
  • Los bandos de Sena
  • Las Batuecas del Duque de Alba
  • El bautismo del príncipe de Marruecos
  • La bella Aurora
  • La bella malmaridada
  • La boba para los otros y discreta para sí
  • El perro del hortelano
  • La viuda valenciana
  • La vitoria de la honra
  • La dama boba
Spanish literature Spanish Golden Age Spanish Armada Toledo, Spain House-Museum of Lope de Vega 19th century Ibero-American Institute Berlin Integrated Authority File
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