Louis XIII style
When Louis XIII is an occurring in France style of fine art, arts and crafts and architecture refers to the during the reign of Louis XIII. (French Louis Treize ) 1610-1643 was predominant. He embodies the transition from the late Renaissance to the early forms of the classical Baroque, with the subject of the representation is getting more into the foreground, before it finds its climax in the Louis Quatorze style - the time of Louis XIV from the 1660s. Preliminary elements of style occur, however in the late 1590s in France.
Louis XIII was significantly influenced at the beginning of the coming from Florence Queen Mother Maria de ' Medici, the. Acted as regent, the French state affairs for her still- young son Louis XIII led. She knew from their homeland and the Mannerism was instrumental in his introduction to the French court. French artists picked up on the style and combined it from the second quarter of the 17th century with its own French elements. Throwback to the usual in the Renaissance motifs of ancient times was especially the monumental, but in simpler, straight lines. Due to the deviation from the uniformity but already announced themselves Baroque harbingers. For this reason the Louis XIII-style of two extremes is in their characteristics coexisted: the decidedly simple and highly Overweight.
Fine Arts and Crafts
The French painting at the time of Louis XIII. oriented to long very much to Italian and Flemish models. Only with artists such as Georges de la Tour and the Le Nain brothers developed its own French style, which manifested itself particularly in genre scenes and in the tradition of Caravaggio. In sculpture, Jacques Sarazin and Jean Warin were leaders, but these two artists did not produce truly outstanding works.
By the Edict of Nantes, the Huguenot wars in France were initially stopped and pacified the country. The king and his court now spent a lot of time in their own residences rather than in army camps. This resulted in a growing demand for comfortable but luxurious wooden furniture, made mostly from oak and fir. The Kunsttischlerei experienced a strong upswing, because even everyday furniture such as chairs and tables have now been provided with decor and produced in numerous variants. Despite carved or lathed ornaments the furniture was still built very heavy, because stability continued to be in the foreground, so the style of Louis XIII by Renate Dolz as " stiff splendor " is characterized. Popular Topics in the carvings were Cherubimköpfe, ornate festoons, cartouches, garlands of fruit or flowers, and grotesque and Akanthusornamente. Smooth surfaces were often decorated by inlay work of precious materials such as marble or ebony, with the veneer to have come from ebony by Maria de ' Medici in fashion. Distinctive characteristics of furniture of style Louis XIII are swollen supports in rotated or balusteratigen forms, especially in legs or cross braces. With seating two basic forms can be distinguished: the chair with a high back surface and the chair -like chair with armrests and low back area. Often they were in fabric or leather -based and padded seat and backrest fitted.
The time of Louis XIII. and related peace phase saw the introduction of new comfortable furniture pieces with it that had not previously been customary. This includes equipped with many drawers cabinet cabinets for storing precious items and gems as well as splendor beds with canopies made of precious materials. Ludwig III. completed his official receptions are often in a state bed lying, and so came at that time, the tabourets, small set up next to the bed seating, fashionable.
Cabinet in the style of Louis XIII
Chair in the style of Louis XIII
Table in the style of Louis XIII
Architecture
Probably the most productive artistic area during the time of Louis XIII. was the architecture - was heavily influenced by the Italian Renaissance - like all other areas of art also. A hallmark of the architectural style of this period was that the three colors of the buildings. Red brick masonry was here interrupted by Eckquaderungen and window and door frames made of hewn stone, a technique which is called in French Brique et Pierre. However, it was already common IV under the French King Henry and lived in the Louis XIII-style only on. The built in this technology building had generally high, covered with black slate roof shingles, which thus contributed the third color. As an example of this technique are the houses around the Paris' Place des Vosges, the first stage of the Palace of Versailles and designed by François Mansart Castle Balleroy. Also included in the draft Jacques Lemercier's the Italian influence was still felt. After his designs on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu created, for example, begun in 1635 and 1642 finished church of the Sorbonne.
On the other hand, announced itself with the built entirely of hewn stone wing of Gaston d' Orléans at Blois castle has stood the rigorous classical style to. The most famous architect of the Louis XIII style was Salomon de Brosse, who designed both the Palace of Justice (Palais de Justice ) in Rennes and the Palais du Luxembourg for Maria de ' Medici. The he designed the facade of the church of Saint- Gervais in Paris is also one of the earliest examples of classical architecture as designed by Mansart Church of the Abbey of Val -de- Grâce.
The Pavillon de la Reine on the Place des Vosges
Palais du Luxembourg
Facade of the church of Val -de- Grâce