Low-energy house

As a low-energy house is called an energy standard for new buildings, but also renovated buildings, the energy required certain technical requirement levels below.

The central basis of a low-energy house is generally an optimum thermal insulation of the roof and exterior walls. Adequate insulation of external walls and insulation of windows and exterior doors of the house to ensure that only a fraction of the applied heating power can leave the house interior.

Constructional standards

For a low-energy house can be described as such, it must meet various criteria or energy standards. This term dates from the time when the first Energy Saving Ordinance was launched in 2002. Meanwhile, this standard is obsolete and has been replaced by the passive house standard.

Requirements of a low-energy house

Currently in Germany the required level of energy (EnEV ) applies in the amendment from 1 October 2009. However, the Energy Saving Ordinance 2014 has already been adopted by the federal government and shall enter into force on 1 May 2014. The Energy Saving Ordinance limited depending on a range defined by the Energy Saving Ordinance Reference House ( building the same architecture with specified U-values ​​for all components ) the specific transmission heat loss HT ' of the building and the primary energy demand. A reference to the A / V ratio, as with the Energy Saving Ordinance 2007 no longer exists.

In northern Germany, strict requirements apply to the concept of low-energy house. He's since 1990 with more than 35,000 houses and apartments with the most common type of "low energy house standard Schleswig -Holstein" - here must EnEV for the building maximum permissible primary energy demand [ Q'' p ( kWh / m² a) ] at least 20% and the maximum permissible specific ( related to the envelope as heat transfer building enclosing surface ) transmission heat loss [ H'T (W / m² K )] ( Energy Saving Ordinance Annex 1, Table 1) are below at least 30%. The buildings must be equipped with a defined ventilation ( mechanical ventilation system). The certification takes place through the Working Group for modern construction (ARGE ).

Even with forced ventilation problems with the steam, odors and pollutants can be caused by the tightness of the building.

Austria: Class A and A zero-energy house, B low-energy house

For Austria, there are three standards, low-energy building B, energy-efficient house A and A energy-efficient house on building regulation ÖNORM H 5055 Energy certification of buildings for the - for all buildings mandatory - Energy Performance Certificate:

Switzerland: Minergiestandard

In Switzerland, one understands one built by Minergiestandard house under a low-energy house.

South Tyrol: Climate House

In South Tyrol, the low-energy houses are divided into classes KlimaHaus Gold, A, B or C. The land grants depending on the achieved demonstrable standard KlimaHaus a plaque. Climate House "B" ( heating demand of less than 50 kWh / m² a) is mandatory for new buildings as a minimum standard since June 2011.

Example

An average single-family house with a surface / volume ratio of 0.8 m² / m³ must a primary energy demand of max eg after Energy Saving Ordinance. Have 121 kWh / ( m² a) and HT maximum of 0.49 W / ( m² K). Depending on the heating system results from the final energy demand in liters of heating oil or cubic meters of gas.

In kWh words, a low-energy house has a heating demand of 40-80 kWh / ( m² a) (40-80 kilowatt hours per square meter per year).

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