Lübbecke Loessland

The Lübbecker Lößland is a natural spatial unit in the northeast of North Rhine -Westphalia, to a lesser extent also in the west adjacent Lower Saxony. It includes the loess, about 2 to 5 km wide and 35 km long strip of land that adjoins the north eastern Wiehengebirge. The total area covers approximately 100 km ². The Lübbecker Lößland is a transition area between North German lowlands and uplands. To the north it borders on the Rahden - Diepenauer Geest, in the east on the Middle Weser Valley. Central town is Luebbecke.

Political division

For Lübbecker Lößland includes most of the community area of Bad Essen district of Osnabrück, in Lower Saxony and Prussian Oldendorf, Luebbecke, Hille in the North Rhine-Westphalian district of Minden - Lübbecke, also Minden has a small proportion of the area.

Nature Spatial Features

The Lübbecker Lößland turns out to be slightly to the north sloping from the south, partly hilly flaring landscape dar. While the southern boundary of Lübbecker Lößlandes with the treeline to Wiehengebirge is clearly defined, the transition to Rahden - Diepenauer Geest takes place more gradually. Only in the east to the Great peat bog and the Bastauwiesen the distinction has a certain selectivity. Main characteristic is the eponymous loess that was deposited mainly during the last ice age from the Sandern the glacier edge blow out and on the northern slope of the Wiehengebirge.

Due to the excellent loess it is used mainly for agricultural purposes. Grassland can be found, if at all, only in rugged terrain sections, eg in the course of streams and partly directly at the tree line to Wiehengebirge. Extensive forests are Lübbecker Lößland even not exist. Chance of even small groves, then z.T. are put under protection, such as the nature reserve Finkenburg. In addition to the short streams that originate in the south adjacent Wiehengebirge and Lübbecker Lößland hardly pierce meandering, there are no significant natural water surfaces. Still waters are ever only present where, for example, created as part of the degradation of clay pits or wells that have then filled with ground water or where man has created mill ponds on the regulation of hydropower. The Lübbecker Lößland begins in the north at about 50 meters above sea level and rises to the south at first gently, but then continuously becoming steeper at. The southern boundary, ie the boundary of the forest Wiehengebirge between 100 and 130 meters above sea level. This means that for example in the area of ​​the city Luebbecke the area has about 1.5 kilometers wide gap more than the 150- kilometer route from the northern edge of the area to the North Sea.

Use by humans

The loess, with its heavy but fertile soils, arable numbers of 75 or more are not uncommon, is used for agricultural purposes since ancient intensive. This alone is reason z.T. today the high population density in this area. Some of the ground surface is so dominating that today there is hardly any space for agricultural land; sometimes be lined village on the village. Outside the settlement centers outweighs by far the most agricultural crops, especially cereal crops (wheat, barley) and beets, some mixed with large areas of specialty crops ( cultivated apple, sweet and sour cherries, strawberries and berry bushes ). The cultivation of sugar beet, although the soils favored this, can not be sufficiently economically due to lack of sugar factories in the vicinity. Where the loess has the quality of sound, to clay pits and could develop as a consequence of brickworks, but mostly no longer exist today. The Lübbecker Lößland is one of the more charming loess landscapes in Germany, as opposed to the rather monotonous and cleared flare landscapes around Magdeburg and Cologne, where the wooded Wiehengebirge in the south or the moor rich Geest area of ​​Rahden - Diepenauer Geest never really far away in the north. The landscape is particularly diverse in a small space, so it is hardly surprising that, for example, with Bad Holzhausen or Börninghausen some of the few state-approved climatic health resorts in North Rhine -Westphalia can be found here of all places.

Due to the relatively large gap described the use of water power was favored since ancient times, limiting worked here again, however, the low water flow of streams, since they usually only have a small catchment area. After all, for example, were in Luebbecke in 1750 no less than five water mills in the course of Ronceva operated. Today, however, the use of water power plays no decisive role. After all, however, the possibility in principle of the use of water power was a key reason that cities and towns could prosper in a special way just here and not elsewhere. The foundation of the city Luebbecke is, for example, in close causal connection with the presence of a qualified hydropower brook. ( Luebbecke derives from Hlidbeki, ie " Little Creek " from ).

Traffic

As early populated, so open, land between Wiehengebirge in the south and in the north the moorland Lübbecker Lößland favored early on the traffic in the east-west direction. As secured today that the legions of the Roman general Varus from the east at the northern foot of the Wiehengebirge, so by the Lübbecker Lößland, moving before they were destroyed during Venne by the Germanic military leader Arminius. Due to the typical geography of the region, the Romans were besieged between marsh and mountain, which had a decisive influence on the outcome of the battle.

Later in the course of Lübbecker Lößlandes was the medieval military road Minden- Osnabrück. This now corresponds to the western part of the state road 65 and runs mostly in the northern, shallower part by the Lübbecker Lößland and connects the city of Osnabrück with that of Minden.

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