Lymphocytic choriomeningitis

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis The (LCM ) is a viral infectious disease that occurs mainly in rodents, but can also infect humans. The LCM is therefore a zoonotic disease. The English term Lymphocytic choriomeningitis was coined by the discoverer of the LCM virus Charles Armstrong 1934.

Pathogen

The pathogen is the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus ( LCMV ), a negative single-stranded RNA virus of the genus arenavirus. Main reservoir are mice, in addition, the virus can also occur in hamsters and guinea pigs. For the epidemiology of the disease in humans are particularly important golden hamsters. Infections caused by mice or guinea pigs have not yet become known.

The pathogen is excreted in the feces, urine, saliva and tear fluid, especially in the first three months of life. Human infection occurs by absorption virus -loaded particles via the mouth and the respiratory tract as well as through direct animal contact, or bites.

Disease in rodents

In rodents, the disease is usually asymptomatic and occurs only in young animals. Morbidity is about 20%, only 2% of the mortality. Occasionally, general disturbances ( shaggy coat, emaciation, conjunctivitis ) and rare central nervous system symptoms can ( muscle tremors, paralysis, seizures ) may occur.

The proof can be done via a serological antibody detection ( ELISA, IFA). Treatment is not common. Through regular serological testing of the larger rodent breeding the disease has become more rare.

Disease in humans

In Germany, about 3 % of the population antibodies against LCM virus, said holders of rodents at no higher rates of infection occur. The disease is mostly with flu-like symptoms. Prolonged disease meningitis can occur. The mortality is 1-2 %. Upon infection in the second half of pregnancy of the virus crossing the placenta to the fetus can occur. This can lead to miscarriage or birth defects (hydrocephalus ) or eye diseases ( uveitis ) of the newborn.