M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden
The National Botanical Garden " M. M. Hryschko " ( NBA) of Kiev (Ukrainian Національний Ботанічний сад ім. М. М. Гришка / Nazionalnyj Botanitschnyj Sad Hryschka MM ) was at the beginning of the 20th century created new addition to the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra and opened in 1936. It occupies an area of 117 ha and has about 13,000 different plants from all over the world, including a variety of shrubs and trees from Europe and East Asia. Noteworthy is the biodiversity yew, oak, maple, linden, birch, walnut trees, lilacs and wild fruit species. After expansion and growth of the NBA is one of the largest botanical facilities in Europe; under the authority of the National Academy of Sciences. On the site there are also the little-known monasteries Wydubizki and Jonah. The NBA is part of the national cultural heritage fund.
To distinguish the 1839 opened in Kiev Botanic garden " A. V.Fomin ", which belongs to the Taras Shevchenko University, is the gardens shown here also called the New Botanical Garden and named after the botanist Mykola Mykolajowytsch Hryschko ( Nikolai Nikolayevich Grishko ).
History
Origin and Tasks
After 1918, the National Academy of Sciences was founded, was created on the basis of scientific work of the botanist Vladimir Ippolitowitsch Lipski the idea of creating one 's own botanical garden. Preparations began under Lipski line, who was also the first president of the Academy of Sciences. He worked there with the botanist Walter E. Schmidt closely together. However, because of the civil war after the end of the First World War, the work had to be adjusted. Lipski took in 1928 to the post of Director of the Botanical Gardens in Odessa and therefore moved away from Kiev. Now Academician Alexander Vasilyevich Fomin took over the continuation of the preparatory work, including the official application. On 22 September 1935, the Soviet city had finally approved the establishment of a scientific botanical garden and it provided without charge to a larger forest area in the district of Pechersk. The planting for the redevelopment of an arboretum with trees and shrubs Ukraine could start the following spring. Mykola Hryschko, who was appointed as the first director of the newly founded Kiev Institute of Botany, took the leadership of the new Botanical Garden scientists Jacob Klimovich Gotsik to Kiev. Financial problems of the Academy led to a delayed development, so that by 1939 a mere 1000 outdoor plants could be located. In a newly built large laboratory building at the same time around 1000 greenhouse plants were used. The line of the new laboratory was in the hands of researchers WM Ljubimenko, NG Cold and AO Sapegin.
The main tasks of the National Botanical Gardens consist primarily of basic research on plant behavior and dissemination of new knowledge in close cooperation with research institutions from home and abroad. Another step was the opening of a special library in 1944, the stock has grown up to the beginning of the 21st century to around 85,000 publications in the field of botany.
The Botanical Garden 1944-1991
After the end of the Second World War, the Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Eugene M. Kondratjuk became the new director of the NBA. He shifted the main task in accordance with the current requirements of the reconstruction of the economy across the Soviet Union to rapid growth of crops with simultaneous increase in yield, and on issues of landscape design. The park itself was transformed in these years to become a landscape park. On March 29, 1964, adopted by the Academy conduit opening of the NBA for all interested parties took place.
By the year 1991, while the membership of Ukraine to the Soviet Union bore the plant, the official name " Republican Central Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences of Ukraine".
The gardens at the present time
The NBA has since Ukraine's independence part of the National Academy of Sciences and performs the following main tasks: obtaining and exploring rare and endangered species of local and international flora; Introduction, acclimatization and breeding of plants ( especially endangered species ) and guiding a plant seed bank. In addition, the botanical garden is of great importance for recreation, environment and leisure.
The NBA is part of the Ukrainian Nature Conservation Fund ..
The directors of the NBA and its precursor
- (1918-1928: Vladimir Ippolitowitsch Lipski and Walter E. Schmidt)
- (1928-1935: Alexander W. Fomin and Mykola M. Hryschko )
- 1935: Walter Schmidt
- 1936-1944: Jacob Klimovich Gotsik
- 1944 -: M. M. Hryschko
- ? -1965: Eugen M. Kondratjuk
- 1965-1988: Andrei M. Grodzinsky
- Since 1988: Tatjana Scherewtschenko, Doctor of Biology
Location and description of the plant
The park carries the address Timirjasewskaja road 1 ( 01014, Украина, г. Киев, ул. Тимирязевская, 1) and is situated at an earlier animal enclosure area referred to their rich wildlife populations were like hunted in the dense forest of princes and their guests. The site is located on a slope towards the Dnepr between boulevard of Friendship of Nations, the Lower Dnieper -Chaussee, the Bastion Street and Timirjasewskaja. From the main entrance to the bastion road, which is flanked by two super modern gatehouses, go radially from the footpaths to the different parts of the garden. The main path is designed like a promenade. The NBA has gardens with monoculture ( Моносади ) such as roses or lilies, collections of tropical and subtropical plants (a total of 3000 species have been collected ), collections of fruits, vegetables and herbs, collections of flowering ornamental plants; overall the area is divided into 28 sections. The range of fruit and gardens form has not been released to the public. It was here in previous years receptions for state guests.
About 40 percent of the park is trying to match the natural habitat of plants located here Eurasia: Forest regions of Ukraine, the steppes of the Ukraine, the Ukrainian Carpathians, Crimea, Caucasus, Central Asia, Far East, Altai and Western Siberia. - In 1970, an area was set up, which has the planting, breeding and reintroduced particularly rare plants of Ukraine as the yellow rhododendron (Rhododendron luteum Sweet) or the real Lady's Slipper ( Cypripedium calceolus L. ) to the destination. - In the Ukrainian steppe, a 2000 year old südukrainische idol was erected on a hill, which came as a gift to Kiev. Vandals have knocked off the stone head at the beginning of the 21st century, his whereabouts are unknown.
The park has numerous greenhouses and a 32 m high greenhouse with about 2000 m² of floor space. Here you can see more than 200 species azaleas, camellias, orchids, succulents and tropical fruits. In 2010, it was started to build a second greenhouse. This aims to more tropical plants but also small animals and aquatic species are shown.
Service of the NBA and transport links
The NBA organizes scientific conferences and forms in their own courses even gardener.
For groups, school classes or larger companies the employees of the NBG guides, advice or training take to design and landscaping, proper plant and maintain trees, including fruit trees, shrubs or flowering plants, creating lawns, rockeries, hedges or flower beds, planting of winter gardens, design of balconies, agrochemicals and soil science, soil improvement and much more.
A summer cafe, a small restaurant and leisure facilities with a skating rink, children's playgrounds and many outdoor sitting areas are used like offers for visitors.
The landscaped garden is from the metro station Družby Narodiv ( " Friendship of Peoples " ), can be achieved with the trolley buses 14, 62 or minibus Marschrutki 62.