Macaulay Library
42.479993 - 76.451066Koordinaten: 42 ° 28 '48 " N, 76 ° 27 ' 4" W The Macaulay Library ( also Linda and William Macaulay Library, formerly the Library of Natural Sounds, NLS ) is a at Cornell Lab of Ornithology Cornell University is moved collection of songs, calls and other sounds as well as video recordings of animals. The archive includes 175,000 animal voices of about 9,000 species and about 50,000 videos from 3,500 species. According to the archive, it is the largest collection of its kind
History
The ornithologist Arthur Augustus Allen in 1929 on the first bird voice present in the collection. One of the early employees were also the student Peter Paul Kellogg and the former stockbroker Albert R. Brand. In the following years, the recording technique have been extended and improved and made two expeditions to the recording of birdsong. 1942, the six -piece record collection American Bird was published songs. The sale of sound recordings made until the 1980s, the main source of income of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. After the Second World War, the magnetic tape technology allowed lighter and more mobile recording equipment. The now called the Library of Natural Sounds (NLS ) collection grew steadily, both through recordings of scientists and amateurs, and was organized by the librarian Byrl Kellogg. The public work was supplemented by the existing until the 1980s local radio show Know Your Birds. From the late 1950s the range of collection to outside North America occurring birds and other animals to advanced.
In the 1960s, died alongside Allen and Peter Paul Kellogg and Kellogg Byrl retired, whereupon collection development stagnated. In 1974, James L. Gulledge curator and director of the collection. External funders such as the National Science Foundation enabled the further development and maintenance of the collection, which was supplemented with photographs of the ornithologist Paul A. Schwartz and Theodore A. Parker III. Gell Edges successor in 1987 Greg Budney, under whose auspices the collection of 140,000 photographs grew. As director he was succeeded in 1999 Jack Bradbury, who pushed the digitization of the collections with the help of his predecessor and the engineer Robert Grotke. As of 2001, video recordings also were taken to the behavioral biology of animals in the collection.
2003 attracted the Lab of Ornithology and the collection into the new premises in the Imogene Powers Johnson Center for Birds and Biodiversity, a move that was made possible by donations from Linda and William Macaulay and the renaming of the collection in Linda and William Macaulay Library with the result. Since 2009, Mike Webster is director of the collection. In January 2013 175.000 digitized recordings were made available online, the collection of 50,000 video recordings is in the digitization.