Magic realism

The magical realism (Spanish: realismo mágico ) is an artistic movement that is represented mainly in the area of ​​painting and literature in some countries of Europe and North and South America since the 1920s. Taken up and continued the magical realism was later also in the areas of film art and photography.

  • 2.1 Differentiation from other styles
  • 2.2 Representatives of the literature

Magical realism in painting

The magical realism represents the fusion of real reality ( tangible, visible, rational) and magical reality (hallucinations, dreams) dar. He is a "third reality ", a synthesis of the realities we are familiar. The transition to Surrealism is fluid.

The term was first time in 1925 by the art critic Franz Roh in his book After -Expressionism, Magic Realism: Problems of the latest European painting. be used. He described a post expressionist painting style of images of an art exhibition in Mannheim in 1924. After the appearance of Rohs text in the Spanish journal Revista de Occidente in 1927, the term catchment was soon in the intellectuals circles of Buenos Aires and was also subject of lively debate in the 1960s to 90s applied to parts of Latin American literature.

Representatives of the painting

Germany:

Austria:

Switzerland:

  • Wilhelm Schmid
  • Niklaus Stoecklin
  • Ricco

Netherlands ( to visit, inter alia, in the museums of Arnhem and Opmeer ):

  • Raoul Hynckes
  • Albert Carel Willink
  • Pyke Koch

Belgium:

  • Pierre Roy

Italy:

USA:

Magical realism in literature

The magical realism as a literary form emerged in early to mid 20th century in Germany, Italy and the Flemish, and has the detour via Paris and Spain quickly a large influence on literature in Latin America. Applied to the Latin American literature, the term for the first time in 1948 by the Venezuelan Arturo Uslar Pietri. As the actual father of the magical- realistic style in Latin America Miguel Ángel Asturias ( The corn people ) viewed his novel Hombres de maiz from the year 1949. In this work, indigenous myths are told (here the Maya ) with reality, culture and history of Latin America from the perspective of the indigenous population. This magical view of reality that causes the legend represents the justification of what has happened in response to the oppression of the indigenous people by the whites.

With the preface to his novel El reino de este mundo Alejo Carpentier wrote it were a manifesto of magical realism. It borders while Latin America heavily on Europe. According to him, " the Europeans " the ability of experiencing the wonderful reality lost through education, while myths and belief in spirits in Latin America are still naturally integrated in everyday life. According to Carpentier, the magical realism of course, is not enforced; he is the embedding of the miraculous in the everyday.

The magical realism mixed the boundaries between reality and imagination. Folk culture, mythology, religion, history and geography merge in the texts and are always recognizable. It combines two concepts that apply in the industrialized nations as contradictory: Reality and mythology / fantasy / magic - but the idea is that these two in terms of a balancing act very well can coexist and do not conflict by force. Counterpart of magical realism is the realismo social or social realism.

Demarcation from other styles

In contrast to the fantastic literature of magic realist author 's priority is not that the reader fear, doubt or other emotions feels superficial. The goal is an ultimate balance between unconsciously experienced, that is, calculating them, and Pictured with stresses distanced means real. In this work of art a world is created in which the viewer or reader should experience no more strict separation between intellect and emotion. The "magic" touch can vary greatly depending on the intention of the artist. The stronger it is, the more likely it may lead to confusion with the fantastic literature.

Some authors see close similarities between magical realism and fantasy. In an interview Gene Wolfe defined the magic realism as follows: ( ". Magic realism is fantasy written by people who speak Spanish " ). " Magical realism is written by Spanish-speaking people Fantasy" According to Terry Pratchett, it is " a polite way to say you were writing fantasy " (" a polite way of saying you write fantasy " ) and" for some people acceptable " (" more acceptable to certain people " ) to classify themselves as an author of the magical realism instead of fantasy. Today's fantasy authors who consciously seek to be close to the magical- realist style, are, for example Liliana Bodoc in Latin America and Kai Meyer in Germany.

Alejo Carpentier sees a contrast of magical realism to European styles such as surrealism, which must produce the miraculous artificially Carpentier. In contrast, the magical realism is everyday life in Latin America and see themselves in a special way in the integration of wonder in everyday life (eg gods myths ).

Representatives of the literature

In German-speaking countries:

In the rest of Europe:

  • Majgull Axelsson, Sweden
  • Massimo Bontempelli, Italy
  • Suzanne Brøgger, Denmark
  • Mikhail Bulgakov, Russia
  • Italo Calvino, Italy
  • Mircea Cărtărescu, Romania
  • Johan Daisne, Belgium
  • Mircea Eliade, Romania
  • Marianne Fredriksson, Sweden
  • William Heinesen, Denmark
  • Peter Høeg, Denmark
  • Eugene Ionesco, France / Romania
  • Idar Kristianssen, Norway
  • Hubert Lampo, Belgium
  • Ib Michael, Denmark
  • Morten Ramsland, Denmark
  • Salman Rushdie, India / Britain
  • Bruno Schulz, Poland
  • Göran Tunström, Sweden
  • Charlotte Weitze, Denmark
  • Carlos Ruiz Zafon, Spain

In the United States:

  • John Updike (1984: The Witches of Eastwick, 1994: Brazil)
  • Jonathan Safran Foer
  • William Kennedy
  • Toni Morrison

In Latin America:

In China:

  • Mo Yan

In Japan:

Herbert Wetterauer Wilhelm Schmid (painter) Pierre Roy (painter) Maya civilization Georg Britting Daniel Kehlmann Georg Klein (writer) Alexander Lernet-Holenia Eugène Ionesco William Kennedy (author) Dictator novel New Objectivity
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