Magnesium injection cycle
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The MAGIC engine is an important part of the magnesium cycle represents the core element of the magnesium industry, as it is presented and researched by Professor Takashi Yabe.
The acronym MAGIC in English means Magnesium Injection Cycle translated as magnesium cycle - injection engine. The MAGIC engine is the design of a heat engine that is currently under development by the Mitsubishi Corporation and the Tokyo Institute of Technology. The project is currently in the experimental stage. The engine burns magnesium and water, to produce hot steam and mechanical energy therefrom. It does not require fossil fuels. Furthermore, uses the energy cycle solar-powered laser.
- 4.1 Extraction of magnesium from seawater
- 4.2 Reduction of magnesium oxide with solar energy
- 4.3 The motor 4.3.1 Chemical Reactions
History
- 2005 - A joint project between Mitsubishi and derTechnischen Tokyo Institute is founded.
- 2006 - Development of a prototype of a carbon dioxide ( CO2) free engine which worked successfully.
- 2007 - Professor Yabe wants to show off the engine on the occasion of the G8 Summit in 2008 Tōyako in Chitose, Japan.
- 2008 - Solar laser operates at 80 W
Base material: magnesium
→ See also Main article: magnesium.
Magnesium is a metal lighter than aluminum, and has a whitish, silvery sheen. Sea water contains magnesium in abundance, more than 1 kg / m³, about 1800 billion tons. Magnesium is highly reactive when it meets with water, it burns very quickly. It is also highly flammable as hydrogen. On the other hand solid magnesium fire at temperatures below 650 ° C does not, it can be stored at room temperature. It can actually be stored for more than 10 years.
Energy density
→ See also Main article: Energy density.
The energy density of magnesium is quite high. The reaction between magnesium and water generates a lot of heat. At the same time, hydrogen is generated. This hydrogen can be burned simultaneously and generates more heat. With this operation, a large amount of steam at high pressure and high temperature are generated. This steam turbine can be driven in order to generate mechanical or electrical power. In this case, can produce 25 mega- joules of heat energy from one kilogram of magnesium. Included is the energy that is released when burning the hydrogen.
By comparison, the combustion of one kilogram of carbon are released 30 mega joules of heat energy, slightly more than in magnesium.
In the table different energy sources and energy storage devices are listed, eligible for use in vehicles in question. Among renewable energy sources, magnesium has the highest energy density.
Comparison with other energy sources and store -
Energy chain and material cycle
Extraction of magnesium from seawater
By evaporation of sea water, you can win magnesium chloride. With the help of solar laser can be produced therefrom pure magnesium.
The magnesium chloride in the sea water contains chemically bound water. If it heats result is magnesium oxide and hydrochloric acid.
Reduction of magnesium oxide with solar energy
When working without a catalyst, one needs a temperature of 20,000 ° C split magnesium oxide in magnesium and oxygen.
The magnesium is recovered by a laser operated with solar energy from the oxide. The development of this laser is well advanced, it operates as follows:
The incident sunlight is focused with a 4 m2 Fresnel lens made of plastic on an area of about 6 cm2. Such a point, however, can be at most as hot as the surface of the Sun, or about 6000 ° C. Sunlight consists of light with different wavelengths: Ultraviolet, visible light, infrared light. The focused sunlight betrahlt a Cr -doped Nd: YAG ceramic material. This material is able to convert sunlight from different spectral ranges of blue light (about 400 nm) to near infrared ( about 900 nm ) in the near infrared light having a wavelength of 1064 nm. The laser beam is focused by a lens to an area of less than 6 mm 2, in order to generate extremely high temperatures.
With the extremely hot light beam for a very short time ( 0.2 s ) betrahlt magnesium oxide powder, the surface vedampft and the resulting gas contains about 30% magnesium. The gaseous magnesium is rapidly cooled by an inert gas (for example argon), so that it can not react with atmospheric oxygen. The magnesium is deposited as a substrate.
Further experiments suggest that this conversion of magnesium oxide in magnesium can operate with an efficiency of 45%.
The engine
The chemical reaction between magnesium ( in powdered form ) and water at room temperature, generates energy -rich vapor and hydrogen. At the same time the hydrogen is burned, producing yet another energy- rich vapor. These two sources of steam to drive to the motor. The energy cycle produces no CO2 or other harmful emissions. The only final products of the reaction are water and magnesium oxide.
In spite of its small dimensions (diameter 5 cm, height 13.5 cm), the engine can produce a heat output of several tens of kW, which are converted into mechanical power.
The motor development was led by Professor Takashi Yabe, with the support of Professor Ikuta and others of the Tokyo Institute of Technology in cooperation Ono Denki Seisakusho, KK, a manufacturer of Shinagawa, Tokyo.
Chemical reactions
In the MAGIC engine magnesium is "burned" with water:
Simultaneously the generated hydrogen is burned with oxygen in the air:
Applications
It is planned to use the engine heat and power plants, vehicles, ships and many other areas.
Comparison magnesium circulation and hydrogen cycle
For the same volume of magnesium is much heavier than hydrogen. If you want to store hydrogen, you need a stable tank. The hydrogen escapes very easily, if the tank is damaged. Magnesium can be stored at room temperature. It can actually be stored for more than 10 years.
Hydrogen requires special equipment and can not be easily stored. In order to store the energy that produces a 1,000 MW power plant in one day ( in 24 hours) (100 * 1012 joules) is required in hydrogen at a pressure of one bar a tank with the dimensions of 1 km × 1 km × 10 m. The same amount of energy can be 15 m × save with magnesium in a tank measuring 15 m × 10 m.
Future
In an announcement in 2006, it is stated that more research is planned, with the aim of launch after three years. Since then, no updated plans were published.