Mahallah

The mahalla (or Machala, from Arabic محلة, DMG Mahalla neighborhood '; Albanian and Uzbek Mahalla; Bulgarian Махала / Machala, Turkish Mahalle, Mohalla in India) is an institutionalized self-administration of districts and villages in many countries of the Middle East, Middle East and Central Asia. In Southeastern Europe Machalla also occurs in the successor states of the Ottoman Empire. This is an official administrative unit.

Ottoman Empire

In the Ottoman Empire Mahalle was the smallest administrative unit. The Mahalle usually plays an important role in the formation of identity with the local mosque, or church and the local café (Turkish kahvehane ) as the most important social institutions. The Machallas formed along ethnic, religious and family characteristics and possessed mostly with a central square of meydan and a marketplace çarşı.

The Office of the Muhtar (Turkish Muhtarlık ) was developed as the smallest administrative, with the representative and powers at the local level. The Muhtar is elected by the municipality every five years. He is responsible for the Mahalle and performs tasks of public administration. He is assisted by a so-called Elders (Turkish Ihtiyar meclisi ), the elected members and the village schoolmaster and the local Imam belong as "natural members".

Uzbekistan

The structure of the Mahalla exists since the (European) Middle Ages, in Article 105 of the Uzbek Constitution is evidenced that the Mahalla can address all issues falling within its competence independently. Furthermore, the Mahallas may propose their own candidates for the Uzbek parliament, a law, but rather that exists on paper. In each Mahalla is for two and a half years a spokesman - Aksakal (Turkish Whitebeard ) - chosen the same time judges and mullahs of the Mahalla in the rule.

The Mahalla regulate all local affairs, often called the Haschar neighborly help is practiced. This tradition took place in the Soviet Subbotnik a related form of expression is called again today Haschar and is an important concept within the Mahalla. Means Haschar be renovated for example Neighbourhood mosques or streets repaired.