Mahmud Tarzi

Mahmud Tarzi (* 1865 in Ghazni, Afghanistan, † November 22, 1933 in Istanbul, Persian طرزی محمود ), was an Afghan intellectual. He is regarded as the "Father of Journalism " and as a key figure of modernism in Afghanistan.

Life

Mahmud Tarzi came in 1865 in the city of Ghazni in Afghanistan to the world. His father Sardar Gholam Mohammad Tarzi was a renowned poet and leader of the Mohammedzai. 1881 was the Tarzi family into exile in Turkey. On a second trip to Damascus Mahmud Tarzi married the daughter of Sheikh Saleh Al Mossadiah, a muezzin of the mosque Amawia. Tarzi lived until the age of 35 in Turkey. There he became fluent in Dari, Pashto, Turkish, French, Arabic and Urdu. Emir Abdur Rahman Khan's successor Habibullah Khan asked the Tarzi family to return to Afghanistan.

Journalism and poetry

Among the earliest works Mahmud Tarzis is one of the travelogue Sayahat - Namah -e manzum. He also founded the newspaper Seraj al - Akhbar, which until January 1919 was published twice a week from October 1911 and for the Afghan Modern played an important role. The newspaper also served as a forum for small Afghan groups and as an ethical justification for the principles of Afghan nationalism. Mahmud Tarzi also released the newspaper Seraj al Atfal, which targeted the Afghan youth. Tarzi was also the first Afghan Translator English and French novels as well as many other European works such as Around the World in 80 Days, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea and The Mysterious Island and the history of the second Russo- Japanese War. Tarzi published next to collections of essays, the book The Garden of Knowledge as well as the novel journey through three continents in 29 days (Travel Across Three Continents in Twenty- Nine Days ).

Policy

Mahmud Tarzi is considered Afghan nationalist. Under Emir Amanullah Khan he became Minister of Foreign Affairs. From 1922 to 1924 was Tarzi ambassador to France. During the reign of Amir Habibullah Khan and Emir Amanullah Khan Tarzi occupied important government positions. He has worked as a consultant and director of the Foreign Ministry. Tarzi is a good example for the reform of the Afghan society at the beginning of the 20th century. He is regarded as the driving force behind Emir Habibullah Khan, in particular through continued social reforms in the field of education, which led to a modernization of the still partly medieval schools.

Ghobar writes in his book Afghanistan "Dar Masir e Tarikh ," Mahmud Tarzi and that even the king Ammanullah had lost the reality of Afghanistan out of sight and Afghanistan could not be distinguished from Turkey. The dream of a modern Afghanistan is quickly failed because King Amanullah politically was not experienced enough and yet besides that, M. Tarzi, the mentor of the king, 35 years had lived outside of Afghanistan and thus no knew the country.

Afghanistan's independence

Tarzi directed the movement of young Mashroota Khwah. This led to the revival of the first movement of the oppressed, served in the Tarzi as high counselor.

Death

Many plans Tarzis were not put into action. After knitting with Emir Amanullah Khan Tarzi and his family went back to Turkey, where he died in Istanbul on 22 November 1933.