Main-Spessart
The Main Spessart district located in the western center of the Bavarian administrative district of Lower Franconia. Neighboring districts are in the north of Hesse Main -Kinzig district, in the east of the districts of Bad Kissingen and Schweinfurt, in the south of Baden-Württemberg Main- Tauber-Kreis and the district of Würzburg and in the west the districts of Miltenberg and Aschaffenburg.
- 3.1 District
- 3.2 Kreistag
- 4.1 traffic 4.1.1 Marine
- 4.1.2 Railway
- 4.1.3 road
- 4.1.4 planning
Geography
The district area is dominated by the Main and the Spessart. The Main complex of Würzburg in the south-east the district area. It first flows in a northwesterly direction, passing the county town of Karlstadt Gemünden, known as the City of Three Rivers. Here he takes on the data coming from the northeast and north rivers Franconian Saale and the sense that have combined shortly before the mouth. After a few kilometers the Main turns to the southwest, and reaches for his future running the cities of Lohr am Main and from here south Marktheidenfeld. A few kilometers south of Marktheidenfeld forms the main the border to Baden- Württemberg. The last county municipality on the barrel of Maine is the market town of Cross Wertheim. Here the Main River flows westward towards Miltenberg. Other rivers in the district - beside the River Main, the Franconian Saale and the meaning - are the Wern, which opens into the Main shortly before Gemunden, and joins the road at Lohr am Main lake of Lohr and Hafenlohr that in in the same community Hafenlohr the Main River flows.
West of the River Main to pull the heights of the Spessart up to over 500 m. The highest elevation in the Spessart is the 586 m high Geiersberg with the transmitter Breitsol at Rohrbrunn it belongs since 2009 to the boundaries of the county municipality Bischbrunn. The Hermann Koppe with 567 m to the north of the district, forming the border of Bavaria and Hesse.
History
The area of present-day district of Main-Spessart belonged predominantly to the Archbishopric of Mainz, partly also for high pin Würzburg before 1800. The Electoral Mainz part was then from 1803 part of the Principality of Aschaffenburg and came to Bavaria in 1814.
Already in 1804, the district court Homburg ( based in Marktheidenfeld ) was built, which was renamed in 1840 after his seat. Also created in 1804 the county courts Gemunden, Karlstadt and Arnstein. 1814, the District Courts Lohr and Orb were built. 1852 was still the district court Rothfels from the same court rule and a year later, the district court Stadtprozelten from the rule court Kreuzwertheim. All district courts included from the date of their creation on Lower Main Circle, which was renamed from 1838 in Lower Franconia.
1862 the district office Lohr, was the district office Martkheidenfeld formed from the District Courts Marktheidenfeld and Stadtprozelten from the District Courts Karlstadt and Arnstein, the district office Karlstadt and from the district courts Gemünden and Orb the district office Gemünden from the District Courts Lohr and Rothfels. As a result of military defeat in 1866 had to leave Bavaria to Prussia the territory Orb. The district now reduced Gemünden was therefore dissolved in 1872 and its communities incorporated into the district office Lohr. For the district office Lohr gave the area around Rothfels at the district office Marktheidenfeld. 1902, however, Gemünden was once again the seat of its own district office. 1939 from the previous district authorities the district offices or from the districts of the counties.
As part of local government reform in Bavaria on July 1, 1972, a new district of the former counties Gemünden am Main, Lohr was initially under the name "County Central Main" (without Roth book and meadows, who came to the district of Aschaffenburg ) came and Karlstadt (some border communities also to the neighboring districts of Schweinfurt, Würzburg and Bad Kissingen ), and the majority of the district Marktheidenfeld ( the area around Stadtprozelten, however, came to the district of Miltenberg, made several municipalities in the southeast to the district of Würzburg). In 1973, the new district its present name " Landkreis Main -Spessart ". A district town initially was determined Lohr am Main. In October 1972, however, it was decided to Karlstadt as the new county seat and moved the District Office of Lohr to Karlstadt.
Population Development
Between 1988 and 2008 the district of Main -Spessart also gained almost 7,000 inhabitants and grew by around 5%. However, the development of the population has been declining since 2003.
The following numbers refer to the territorial status of 25 May 1987.
Policy
District
District Administrator Thomas Schiebel (CDU ).
Council
The local elections of 2002, 2008 and 2014 led to the following seat distribution in the council:
OTHER was a candidate list of ODP, PIRATES and the LEFT at the municipal election in 2014.
Economy and infrastructure
The most important employers in the Main-Spessart is the engineering company Rexroth, a subsidiary of the Bosch Group and a leading global manufacturer of high-quality specialty products made of glass: Gerresheimer Lohr GmbH ( The Gerresheimer Group ) which is based in Lohr. Lohr is the main commercial area in the county. Second is Marktheidenfeld, which among other the company Braun GmbH, Warema AG and Schneider Electric Automation GmbH are at home.
Agriculture in Main-Spessart consists mainly of vineyards and orchards. Is also grown malting barley, the raw material for the local breweries, with about 70 dairy farms and 1500 cows also applies Main Spessart district of Bavaria as kuhärmster ( Main Post of 27 December 2008).
The Main Spessart district is one of the economically strongest counties of the Franconia region. So the unemployment rate, at 6.2% on an annual average, far below that of the Federal Republic. She currently is 5.4 %, which is even lower than in the previous year month by 6.3%. Also, the county has the highest GDP (approx. EUR 3.5 billion ) of all counties (excluding district-free cities of Würzburg and Schweinfurt ). This is achieved by the high number of compulsory insurance jobs in Landkreis Main -Spessart. As a result, many workers come from neighboring counties such as Würzburg and Bad Kissingen.
Traffic
Shipping
The Main as the most important transport route is expanded to its full length and is characterized by numerous barrages almost all year round. Until the 20th century drove especially rafts on the river Main, the wood from the Spessart brought up to the sawmills in Frankfurt.
Railway
The Bavarian State Railways opened in 1854 their range of Würzburg Karlstadt- Gemünden down the Main to Lohr and then over the Spessart to Aschaffenburg. The city Gemünden where Saale and sense lead into the Main, was an important hub, as here in 1872 branched off the North-South route over Rieneck to Fulda.
In addition, the following routes were originated in Gemünden: 1879 Cross Connection via Arnstein to Schweinfurt / Bamberg, which runs until Wernfeld parallel to the main track and 1884 the Franconian Saale Valley Railway to Hammelburg that has been only in 1924 extended to Bad Kissingen. Here currently operate motor coaches of the train Erfurt.
In the Main Valley was built in 1881 by Lohr station take a train to Marktheidenfeld -Wertheim, which took place in 1912 Hasloch connection to Miltenberg. The passenger traffic on this route was discontinued 1976/77. This also applies to the connection Schweinfurt - Gemünden about Waigolshausen - Arnstein Wernfeld that has been electrified, however, because of the heavy freight. With the new lines, the network for passengers however encompasses as 148 kilometers in length.
The new line (Hannover ) Fulda -Würzburg Deutsche Bahn, the circle has only two operating stations, was commissioned in 1988. She cruises at Gemünden the valley. Later the Nantenbacher curve were added, shortens the path of long-distance trains Frankfurt -Würzburg, and thus relieves the busy route Gemünden -Würzburg.
Road
Important development axis is now the Federal Highway 3 from Frankfurt via Würzburg to Nuremberg, which crosses the county in Marktheidenfeld. About the transportation hub of Würzburg is a junction with the highway 81 ( Heilbronn, Stuttgart) and Federal Highway 7 ( direction Ulm or Fulda, Kassel). In addition, the district is being developed by the highways 8, 26, 26a, 27 and 276.
Planning
There were plans for the continued construction of the A81 between the triangle Würzburg West and Gramschatz. These plans, however, were dropped. Instead, a 4-lane main road ( B26neu ) between the helmet and the cross city Werneck is planned. It has already established a citizens' initiative against the construction of the road. It is feared that profoundly affects the nature and the landscape could be severely disfigured. Meanwhile, however, is said to have founded for the construction of the road is also a BI.
Many bike paths, the longest along the River Main, attract tourists.
Cities and Towns
(Population at 31 December 2012)
Cities
Markets
Free community areas ( 167.33 km ²)
Communities
Management Communities
Geotopes
The district is 31 (as of September 2013) are the Bavarian State Office for Environmental designated geological sites. See the list of geological sites in the district of Main-Spessart