Malik ibn Anas

Maalik ibn Anas al - Asbahi, Abū ʿ Abd Allāh with full name (Arabic مالك بن أنس بن مالك بن أبي عامر الأصبحي Maalik ibn Anas ibn Maalik ibn Abī ʿ Aamir al - Asbahi, DMG Maalik b. Anas b. Maalik b. Abī ʿ Aamir al - Asbahi, Abū ʿ Abd Allāh; * to 715 in Medina; † 795) was the founder of one of the law schools of Islam and is regarded as the eponym of the Maliki jurisprudence.

Life

Maalik ibn Anas comes from a Yemenite family who had settled in front of Malik's birth in Medina. He studied with Ibn Hurmuz, Nafi ʿ and ʿ Rabī a b. Abī ʿ Abd ar - Rahmaan and spent his entire life in his native Medina with studying, teaching, and - as some of his contemporaries - the issuance of legal opinions. His sources on which he fell back in his writings are mostly medinensischer, but also partly Meccan origin.

According to the current state of research, thanks to rigorous studies of Spanish Islamic scholar, but above all thanks to the discovery of handwritten materials Maliki genetic imprinting, it is undisputed that Maalik in the Medina of the second Muslim century (8th century ) probably only as a primus inter pares in the Medinan jurisprudence the early period can be considered.

He was not the first person who has written a legal business in Medina; his older contemporary of al - Mādschischūn († 780), whose work had been compared in shaping the Medinan jurisprudence Ignaz Goldziher 's oeuvre Malik, also is considered the author of a work whose fragments - recorded in the mid-9th century - prior to some have been discovered and described years. Goldziher observations take place in the structure of the found fragments of their confirmation:

" It was only the doctrine, the law presented in the same (al- Mādschischūns book ) after the Medinan consensus capacity without giving the traditions which can serve as a support of the doctrine. "

About Malik's life and work report the commentators of his main work (see below) and either chronologically or alphabetically arranged biographical literature of the Maliki school, the so-called " class books of the Maliki ", from the 11th century and later. In these books, not only daily episodes from the life of Malik, but also traditions about the merits ( FADA ʾ il ) both his person and his life's work in the Maliki scholarship are referenced. An overview of the biographical reports written by the Damascene scholar biographer Ibn ʿ Asaakir under the title: " The discovery of the cloaked about the merits of the Muwatta ʾ " كشف المغطا في فضل الموطا / KAsF al - muġaṭṭā fī Fadl al - Muwatta (sic: to rhyme 's sake ). Here are the z.T. contradictory traditions about Malik's meeting with the Abbasid caliph al - Mansur, al -Mahdi and al-Rashid Haaroon lecture; they should have instructed the lawyer to write a legal work to unify with the aid of the jurisdiction in all centers of the Islamic empire. The authenticity of these messages is questioned both in contemporary research as well as by Muslim scholars biographers.

The Maliki jurist in Córdoba Abū ʾ l - Waleed Ibn Rushd († 1126 ), the grandfather of the philosopher Averroes, mentioned in his extensive Law Compendium - al - Bayān wa -t - Tahsil - a report of Maalik 's pupil Ibn al - Qāsim al - ʿ Utaqī, which his teacher has shown a Quran copy which is to be owned by Malik ibn Abī ʿ Aamir Maalik grandfather, who died from 693-694, was. This old piece was not only richly decorated and bound in a piece of the Kiswa, but contained by the Koran of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan Code divergent readings. Ibn Rushd is in his above-mentioned work of these thirteen reading variants in the tradition of Ibn al - Qāsim. Studies of these variants have shown that they represent mainly the spread in Medina variants. Some readings, however, are of unknown provenance. Malik Quran copy, in the possession of his grandfather, who was one of the known Medinan Koran reader at the time of Uthman, was probably composed of two different codices.

Works

Al - Muwatta ʾ

Malik's life's work as the basis of the Maliki jurisprudence is the Muwatta ʾ / الموطأ / al - Muwatta ʾ /, the flattened path ', which is available in various reviews of his students. According to the latest research results, there has been no "Edition last hand." His main work is only available in the reviews of his immediate disciples, some of which are now available in print.

• The oldest work review goes back to the tradition of the scholar ʿ Alī ibn Ziyad († 799 ) from Tunis. He is said to have distributed the first Maalik ibn Anas, the writings of North Africa. On the fragment of this review, dated to the year 900, the Orientalist Joseph Schacht drew attention to it in 1967 .. This ancient fragment was found in the Qairawāner manuscript collection is, first published in 1978 in the print.
• The review of Ash- Shaybani, Muḥammad ibn al - Ḥasan († 804) is unique among plant lore of the Muwatta ʾ a special position, because it occurs between the legal doctrine of Malik and the Hanafi Imam Abu Hanifa, whose pupil was Ash- Shaybani, mediating and is strive to bring your selection of legal topics from Malik's work with the Hanafi doctrine in line. This review is thus a Hanafi processing and critical development of Maalik in his Muwatta ʾ of traditional materials dar.
• Ibn al - al - ʿ Qāsim Utaqī († 806), probably the most famous pupil Malik, regarded as the first propagators of the Muwatta ʾ in Egypt. Old fragments are preserved in his review Qairawan, but have not yet been published. His review has presented in his circle of students in his hometown of Qairawāner scholar ibn Sa ʿ Sahnūn īd; it is written to the late 10th century in North Africa, has been handed down in newly -built copies.
• One of the most famous pupil Malik was al - Qa ʿ nabī, ʿ Abd Allāh ibn Maslamah († 833 in Mecca ), is said to have accompanied his teacher for over twenty years in Medina. The now well-known and published parts of his review included only fragments of the chapters of the religious duties of the Muwatta ʾ.
• Best known is the review of Yahya ibn Yahya al - Laiti († 848 in Córdoba), which has been reprinted several times since 1951 .. For the importance of this review is the fact that it has been commented in the Maliki fiqh most often.
• Equally extensive is the work tradition of Abū Mus ʿ az- Zuhri from († 856), who always worked in the area of Maalik, Qadi of Medina was and remains today a not edited summary ( Mukhtasar ) of the Maliki jurisprudence wrote. His Muwatta ʾ - review, which is available in print only since 1993, contains a considerable number of hadiths and legal teachings of Maalik, that are not documented in the Andalusian Yahya ibn Yahya and other plant lore.
• The factory tradition of ibn Sa ʿ Suwayd īd al - Ḥadaṯānī († 854 ) is limited in the currently known fragment of the work only to the prophetic law directives that have been handed down the generations as a result Ḥadīṯe. The legally relevant comments Malik to these traditions, the author - not included in his review, with a few exceptions - in comparison to the text matter in Yahya ibn Yahya and Abu Mus ʿ az- Zuhri from.
• The review of the Egyptian scholar Yahya ibn ʿ Abd Allāh ibn Bukair († 845) is available only in manuscripts. This Muwatta ʾ reviews has been known beyond the borders of Egypt also, in North Africa and in Damascus. The study of the preserved manuscript in Damascus scholarly circles in the years 1067-1068 is documented in several listeners certificates at the colophon.

The oldest papyrus fragment of the work has been dated by the orientalist Nabia Abbott on the second half of the second century Muslim ( late 8th century ) and is likely to be attributable to an Egyptian student of Malik. Extensive, not previously published copies of the work - albeit fragmentary - are in the manuscript collection of Qairawan on numerous sheets of parchment from the late 9th and 10th centuries.

Malik's life's work has been handed down in many other reviews; the Damascene scholar Ibn Nasir al -Din († September 1438 ) has summarized the names of 79 scholars and their short biographies in a factory. He calls in this book also scholars who have transmitted only parts of Malik's work.

Malik's earnings in the history of Islamic jurisprudence lies in the fact that he was anxious ( amal ahl al- Madina / sunnah ahl al- Madina ʿ ) enter between the traditional Ḥadīthmaterial especially Medinan origin and generally known in Medina legal practice for mediation. Thus his Muwatta ʾ is today - contrary to the view of Ignaz Goldziher - to view both as corpus juris, as well as a corpus traditionum. Furthermore, Maalik gave in this work the legal consensus ( Ijma ) of the people of Medina, which should be explained later by Muhammad ibn Idris al - Shafi ʿ ī as a consensus of the scholars par excellence to the third source of law, general validity.

Nevertheless, the well-known hadith material was at the time Malik's always the tension between traditionalism and the generally accepted legal practice. Even in the Muwatta ʾ of Hadit occurs in favor of the Medinan practice law in the background. The Sunnah of the media server, which is not necessarily identical to the prophets Unna, is pioneering basis of argumentation in the course of justice, because even Maalik said to have Prophetenḥadīṯe that ( ʿ amal ) were the people of Medina contrary to law practice ignored. The German Orientalist Joseph Schacht has explained this method of legal findings by analyzing the polemic Ash- Shafi ʿ īs detail against Maalik.

" The hadith is thus for Maalik not the highest authority; its tendency to self- right view ( Ra'y ) is uncontroversial in the Medinan legislation. Many of his students and also by later followers of his madhhab were characterized precisely by the fact that they did not follow the Ra ʾ y Malik and the hadith. "

Other writings

The relevant biographies of Maliki also call other writings, is said to have written allegedly Maalik and the currently available only in later works of the law school:

• His epistle to the Caliph al-Rashid Haaroon الرسالة الى هارون الرشيد / ar - Risala ila Harun al -Rashid, is partly present in an Andalusian tradition. The (Cairo ) Text published in the pressure of twenty-five pages in 1954, goes back to a copy of which was in December 1031 Ramla as teaching material. The letter contains moral exhortations and legal advice to the Caliph.
• His letters to the judgeships fī al - Risala aqdiya / رسالة في الأقضية / Risala fī ʾ l - aqḍiya /, The Epistle on the legal rules ' probably had instructions to the judges in the Islamic provinces to content.
• Being called by the biographers letters to the Egyptian legal scholars and traditionists al - Laith ibn Sa ʿ d is probably due to the correspondence between two scholars; it is discussed several times in the research, but was only published in 1995 and commented on in the Orient.

The authenticity of these documents is both on the European research as well as by Muslim scholars - doubted in general - as the above missive to the Caliph al-Rashid Haaroon by as- Suyuti.

• The legal right questions al - Masa ʾ il / المسائل that he had answered outside of his main work in the form of quaestiones et Responsiones, are in the comprehensive fifteen volumes Mudawwana of Sahnūn ibn Sa ʿ īd in the tradition of the aforementioned Ibn al - Qāsim al - ʿ Utaqī receive and are likely to be authentic.

The Maliki school of law has Malik's spread in the early 9th century, especially in Egypt, North Africa and the Islamic Spain ( al-Andalus/Andalusien ) by teaching the doctrines among his numerous pupils. In addition to its above-mentioned main work - in the review of his pupils - are its doctrines get in sometimes extensive legal works of subsequent generations. His Muwatta ʾ has been commented to the 11th century by Maliki scholars, making the Maliki legal doctrine learned their content extension.

Comments on the Muwatta ʾ

The main comments to the base of the Maliki came from the Islamic West, their authors were prominent representatives of the Maliki school of law in Andalusia.

• The oldest preserved today in the print and present commentary on the Muwatta ʾ wrote the scientifically proven as a versatile scholar عبد الملك بن حبيب الأندلسي / ʿ Abd al -Malik ibn Habib al - Andalusi († 852 ), who studied in Mecca, Medina and in Egypt and was after his return, one of the most important representatives of the Maliki school of law in Córdoba. His comment " The design of the Muwatta ʾ " تفسير الموطأ / Tafseer al - Muwatta ʾ treated both philological explanations of certain terms and the judicial interpretation of the contents of the materials contained in the base, which are always introduced with the question of his students: " we asked ʿ Abd al -Malik ibn Habib after Hadit ... ". The two-volume work is available in print since 2001.
• Ibn Muzain, Yahya ibn Zakariya ʾ يحيى بن زكرياء بن مزين ( † against 873 ) from Toledo, with sphere of Córdoba, wrote in his study trip to the Orient his multi-volume commentary on Malik's work also titled Tafseer al - Muwatta ʾ, in which he Malik's younger students can discuss legal issues of basic work. The Orientalist Joseph Schacht in 1967 in the mosque library of Qairawan pointed to the existence of some manuscript fragments of this work, which have been recorded in the years 1008-1009 in the city.

• From the 10th century the comment comes to Muwatta ʾ - Yahya ibn Yahya review of al- ʿ ī Qanāzi, ʿ Abd ar -Rahman ibn Marwan القنازعي, عبد الرحمن بن مروان from Córdoba under the same title تفسير الموطأ / Tafseer al - Muwatta ʾ /, the design of the Muwatta ʾ '. The author, who went in the year 977 on a long study trip to North Africa, Egypt, Mecca and Medina, commented especially the traditions preserved in the Muwatta ʾ and draws on the writings of his predecessors, to whom he had the tradition rights. These works are listed in the appendix of his commentary in detail.
• Tafseer al - Muwatta ʾ al- Buni, Abū ʿ Abd al -Malik ibn Marwan ʿ Alī al - Qurtubi ( † against 1078 ) in Buna. About the Author There are few information. Since the first and last pages are missing the single manuscript, the exact work title is not known. In the original arrangement of the basic work of Maalik ibn Anas, the author explains a wide range of traditions handed down there because of Islamic law, drawing on the works of 56 Authorities of the law school from the 9th and 10th centuries.
• Al- Qabas fī Sharh Muwatta ʾ Ibn Anas القبس في شرح موطأ ابن أنس / al - Qabas fī Sharḥ Muwatta ʾ Ibn Anas /, editing the explanation of the Muwatta ʾ of ( Maalik ) ibn Anas ' by Ibn al - ʿ Arabī al - Ma ʿ Afiri (* 1076 in Seville, † 1148 in Fez). The author explains the traditional base in the Hadith and engages often on the teachings of other schools of law back to where he had contact on his study tour. The plant is located since 1998 in print by.
• Al- Sharh Muwatta ʾ fī Masālik Maalik المسالك في شرح موطأ مالك / al - masālik fī ʾ Sharḥ Muwatta Maalik by the same author. This comment is more extensive and also discussed issues of grammar and meaning rarely used terms in the Muwatta ʾ. In both comments, the author draws on older writings of the mālikitischen law school and the hadith literature and evaluates paraphrased with his own critical remarks from.
• Ibn ʿ Abd al - Barr, with the full name Yūsuf ibn ʿ Abd Allāh ibn Muhammad ibn ʿ Abd al -Barr / يوسف بن عبد الله ابن محمد بن عبد البر / Yūsuf b. ʿ Abd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. ʿ Abd al - Barr ( † 1070) from Córdoba, wrote a twenty-seven volumes ( Cairo edition 1993) comprehensive work, which is still regarded as the best comment for Malik's main work. But already the - differently formulated and delivered - work title indicates that it is more than just a simple commentary on the basic work, the Muwatta ʾ Malik, is: Studies to discuss the directions of legal scholars in the provincial centers about what Maalik in Muwatta ʾ of opinio and has submitted tradition ( الاستذكار في شرح مذاهب علماء الأمصار مما رسمه الامام مالك في الموطأ من الرأي والآثار / al - istiḏkār fī Sharḥ maḏāhib ʿ ulama ʾ ʾ l - amsar mimma rasama -hu al - Malik fī - ʾ l - Muwatta ʾ min al -ra ʾ y wa - ʾ l - Atar ). Thus, this work is in Islamic legal literature the genre of so-called Ichtilāf works, that is, the collection of controversial doctrines among scholars associate in the centers of Islamic scholarship. In fact, the authors quoted in this book, the teachings of the other schools of law and distinguishes it from the traditional in the Muwatta ʾ material significantly.
• Another and more important comment of Ibn ʿ Abd al -Barr is hadithwissenschaftlichen content and limited only to the traditional in the Muwatta ʾ quite relevant traditions - Prophet sayings, statements of the Prophet's companions ( sahaba ) and their successors - in the tradition of Malik and is entitled: Introduction to the meanings and Isnaden the Muwatta ʾ ( التمهيد لما في الموطأ من المعاني والأسانيد / at- Tamheed li - mā ʾ fi - l - Muwatta ʾ min al -ma ʿ ani wa - ʾ l - asānīd ). This extensive with numerous parallel documents drafted to the traditional materials of Maalik work is arranged alphabetically by the primary sources of the school 's founder. In the first volume is a detailed biography of Malik. The first printed edition of the work ( Rabat 1967-1992 ) includes twenty-six volumes.
• At about the same time wrote al - Bajee (fully Sulaimān ibn Khalaf al - Bajee / سليمان بن خلف الباجي / Sulaimān b. Halaf al - Bāǧī († 1081 ) from Córdoba his seven -volume selection in the explanation of the Muwatta ʾ ( al - Muntaqa Sharh al - Muwatta ʾ / المنتقى شرح الموطأ / al - Muntaqa Sharḥ al - Muwatta ʾ ), a work which compared the narrated from Maalik material with the right views Maliki genetic jurists of the 9th and 10th centuries and harmonized as far as possible is.
• Among the comments in the modern era is especially the four-volume work by the Azhar professor al - Zurqānī, Muḥammad b. ʿ Abd al - Baqi b. Yūsuf b. Aḥmad al -Maliki (* 1645, † 1710 in Cairo ) quotes. The author focused mainly on the above- mentioned works of the Andalusian Ibn ʿ Abd al -Barr, whose copies he had access in the famous manuscript library of the Azhar. This comment has been designed primarily as a summary textbook for the Azhar students.
• A linguistically oriented comment authored al - Waqqaschī, Hisham ibn Aḥmad al - Andalusi (* 1017 in Toledo, † 1096 in Denia) هشام بن أحمد الوقشي الأندلسي / Hisham ibn Aḥmad al - Waqqašī al - Andalusi, entitled "Commentary on Muwatta ʾ " تعليق على الموطأ / Ta ʿ ʿ līq alā ʾ l - Muwatta ʾ, whose existence was unknown for a long time and was not published until 2001, after the unique in the library of the Escorial in two volumes. The work is in accordance with the arrangement of the basic work of Maalik - according to the chapters of Fiqh - designed. al - Waqqaschī limited exclusively to the philological explanation of words, word groups, the basic text, corrected linguistic and grammatical inconsistencies in the basic text, which reflect either errors of the works of reviewers or prescriptions of the copyist available to him copies. In the semantic explanations of terms and phrases he uses often all back to contents identical words in Arabic poetry.
• The Andalusian grammarian ʿ Abd Allāh ibn al- Sid al - Baṭalyūsī (* 1052, † 1127 ) from Badajoz sphere Valencia probably wrote also a Muwatta ʾ comment شرح الموطأ / Sharḥ al - Muwatta ʾ, but which is no longer maintained. As part of this work applies the philological explanation of difficult terms in Malik's work, the ' under the title مشكلات الموطأ / Muškilāt al - Muwatta ʾ /, Difficult questions of the Muwatta ʾ known only since 1999. The author follows the chapter arrangement of the basic work and explained rarely used terms, their grammatical derivations, also little-known place names that find mention in the Muwatta ʾ. However, this is not a stand-alone work, but an abridged version ( iḫtiṣār ) of the above philological commentary of al - Waqqaschī.

Edits the Muwatta ʾ

Malik's life's work in its various reviews as the basis of the Maliki school of law has been processed in subsequent generations several times and from different angles. It is both the compilation of certain Hadīṯgruppen and excerpts thereof. Monographic treatises and in some cases by extensive comments within the meaning of the Maliki jurisprudence

• The oldest known treatment of the Muwatta ʾ wrote Ismā ʿ īl ibn Ishaq al - Ǧahḍamī (* 815, † 895 ) of the Maliki qadi of Baghdad, ān with his work Ahkam al -Qur ʾ is reported on legal provisions of the Koran as Koranexeget. From his مسند حديث مالك بن أنس / Musnad ibn Anas hadith Maalik but only the fifth, the last part in a manuscript dating from the late 9th century is preserved. The author referenced in this part of those traditions that he has received directly by the students and their work Malik reviews - with the exception of al - Qa ʿ nabī and Abū ʿ from Mus - are no longer preserved. The arrangement of the plant fragment is based on the primary sources Malik ( musnad ) in alphabetical order.
• The well-known Ḥadīṯgelehrte and Ḥadīṯktitiker ad Daraqutni, ʿ Alī ibn ʿ Umar ibn Aḥmad from Baghdad (* 918, † 995 ) wrote a collection of traditions under the title: " Ḥadīṯe where you disagreed Malik ( traditions ) " الأحاديث التي خولف فيها مالك بن أنس / al - aḥādīṯ allatī ḫūlifa fī - hā Maalik ibn Anas. These are a) both to tradition in the Muwatta ʾ as well as outside of it; b ) to traditions that Maalik in Muwatta ʾ in a form outside the same but in a different form ( text ) narrated; c ) traditions in Muwatta ʾ Maalik narrated itself differently. The author indicates the difference in wording to the individual traditions and provides the names of the Aryan tradition together that Malik contradicted traditions. The focus of interest is thus the text- critical examination of the content and the lineages ( isnad ) of the basic work.
• An important work, the مسند الموطأ / Musnad al - Muwatta ʾ of the little-known Egyptian scholar al - Ǧauharī, ʿ Abd ar -Rahman ibn ʿ Abd Allāh al - Ġāfiqī († 901) dar. In the alphabetically arranged list of the immediate sources Malik in his Muwatta ʾ are given in this work only the prophets traditions, where the author refers to all business reviews, in which he could find confirms this dicta. It is thus an oriented towards the Isnaden Collection ( Musnad ), which the author supplemented with a short biography of Malik's sources and indicates plant reviews that are no longer preserved. In its structure it is similar to the above-mentioned plant fragment of Ismā ʿ īl Ibn Ishaq al - Ǧahḍamī.
• Of particular importance is the work of Qairawāner scholar al - Qābisī ( Ibn al - Qābisī ), ʿ Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn Halaf (* 936, † 1012) to, under the title الملخص لمسند موطأ مالك بن أنس / al - li Mulaḫḫaṣ - Muwatta ʾ musnad ibn Maalik Anas /, the abstract of the obtained with full Isnaden Hadith in the Muwatta Maalik ibn Anas ʾ of ' is also available on the pressure. The author analyzes in this book Malik's work today after a review of the unknown: according to the Egyptian Ibn al - al - ʿ Qāsim Utaqī († 806), one of the most important student of Maalik. Here all hadiths are compiled without comment, the Maalik with a complete isnaad ( muttaṣal ) leads back to the Prophet. The total of 529 hadiths are arranged according to the primary sources Malik ( musnad ); some of these traditions are not preserved in the other above -mentioned work reviews.

Hadith collections

Between the 9th and 13th centuries traditionist Ḥadīṯe have put together, which could be attributed to the traditions Malik. This Ḥadīṯe are obtained either in his Muwatta ʾ or outside thereof with full Isnaden. From seven collections from four centuries, has summarized a total of 532 Ḥadīṯe in a band and a detailed commentary. Each of these collections was entitled عوالي حديث مالك بن أنس / ʿ ibn Maalik Awali hadith Anas /, the class according to Maalik ibn Anas hadith '. This " first-class ", returned to the Prophet Mohammed Dicta was called in the tradition Sciences Hadit ʿ Alī (plural: ʿ Awali ). The oldest of these collections goes to Hisham ibn ʿ Ammar b. Nusair (* 770, † 859), a well-known traditionists and Koran readers back, who worked as a preacher in the main mosque of Damascus ( Umayyad Mosque ).

Biographical

An important source for the presentation of the Vita Malik and his primary sources are the biographical works of the law school: the so-called Tabaqat literature. This " class books" always begin with the biography of the school's founders. Some of the above comments give the first chapter a detailed description of the life and work of Maalik.

• One of the earliest works biographically oriented to Muwatta ʾ, which is also preserved in print, written by the Andalusian scholar Ibn al - Hadda ʾ, Muhammad ibn Yahya ibn Aḥmad (* 958, † 1022) from Córdoba. After his extended study trip to the Orient he was Kadi of Seville and Zaragoza. His work " The announcement of those women and men who find in the Muwatta ʾ mention " التعريف بمن ذكر في الموطأ من النساء والرجال / at- Ta ʿ rif bi -man ḏukira fī - ʾ l - Muwatta ʾ min an-Nisa ʾ wa - ʾ r- riǧāl in two printed volumes. The author gives a short biography of all persons who are mentioned in the Isnaden of Malik's work and mentioned the opinions of Hadithkritiker about them. He cites, sometimes only fragmentary, some of them traditional Hadiths and compares them with the substantive differences in the available work reviews.
• The Andalusian scholar Ibn Ḫalfūn, Muḥammad ibn Ismā ʿ īl ibn Muḥammad al - azdi († 1239 ) from Huelva sphere of Seville wrote his " The names of the teachers of Maalik ibn Anas " Asmaa ʾ schuyūch Maalik ibn Anas / أسماء شيوخ مالك بن أنس / Asmaa ʾ šuyūḫ Maalik b. Anas, which is preserved in the library of the Escorial in Andalusian ductus and was published in 2004. The author is based on the biographical literature of his predecessor, now no longer exist, in part. He calls some persons whose biographies are not listed in al - Mizzi and other comprehensive scholarly encyclopedias, because they are not cited as narrators in the canonical collections of traditions. In the representation of the primary sources Vita Malik he calls their teachers and students and briefly describes their lives and learning. Still Dhahabi († 1348 ) called Ibn Ḫalfūn as a good expert and well-known critic of the Ḥadīṯüberlieferer.
• The most comprehensive biographical work of Maliki wrote ʿ Iyad ibn Musa al - Yaḥṣubī († 1149 ), Kadi Sabtah under the Almoravids. The Vita Malik, his virtues as a teacher and the views of his contemporaries about him dedicated to the author of this comprehensive work of eight volumes, the first two volumes. In the other six volumes, the representatives of the law school will be classified according to the centers of the Maliki scholarship, presented in chronological order to the time of the author. Later biographers served the work as an indispensable source.
• The already mentioned above Damascene scholar Ibn Nasir al -Din († September 1438 ) introduces the biographies of the Muwatta ʾ - narrators with a 40 -page introduction in which he gives a lecture especially the traditional statements about the benefits of Malik.