Malt house

In a malt is made by malting of grain brewing malt. Worldwide, there are about 180 countries with breweries, but only about 50 countries with maltings. There are around 45 Handelsmälzereien in Germany. This produced in 2011 approximately 2.1 million tons of malt. For 100 liters of beer 15-18 kg malt are required.

History

Historically, brewers malted and therefore were Brewing and Malting in one. Especially in the second half of the 19th century emerged as distinctive brewing and malting. Today, only a few breweries (especially in Franconia ) make their own malt. With increasing industrialization in the mid-19th century, the production of malt separated more and more from the production of beer and malt houses were independent companies. Nevertheless, the malting process is inextricably linked to the eyebrows. Thus, the occupation of the brewer and maltster ( brewer and Mälzerin ) combines both activities.

Process of malting

The production of malt can be divided into three sections.

By different malting a variety of brewing malts can be prepared, which in turn makes possible different types of beer.

Technology

The malting and has evolved greatly, especially in the last 100 years. This is most obvious in the seed technology:

  • Tennenmälzerei ( engl. floor Maltings ). This technology already existed in the 17th century. The seed material is this, in relatively thin layers (about 30 cm) spread on the ground and regularly turned manually. The traditional method is very labor intensive with low capacity. Nevertheless, the Tennenmälzerei is used very occasionally for special malts or in particularly traditional businesses, but then usually with mechanical turners.
  • Box malting (English Saladin box). The box malting was formerly the most common form of pneumatic malting and is still widely in use. The grain is placed in square boxes for seed germination and mechanically turned. The procedure was developed by Frenchman Charles Saladin, which is why the box malting germination boxes are also called Saladinkästen.
  • Wanderhaufenmälzerei / Keim Street (English walking pile ). When hiking heap was originally the seed material in a long hall, the so-called germ line, promoted daily by a turn and conveying system to a defined path forward. Today, this technology is almost exclusively only as a so-called Umsetzkasten apply. Best known here is the system Lausmann in which a separate germination box with raised and lowered floors Horde is available for every Keimtag on which the seed material by days, further promoted. Although these systems are very user friendly and make do with relatively few staff, this technology has gained acceptance because of the high investment costs for smaller plants.
  • Drum malting (English drum Maltings ). The grain germinates in rotating drums. This technique is now largely obsolete and rarely used.
  • Tower malting (English Maltings tower ). The grain germinates in round boxes, several of which be stacked. This technology has existed since the early 70s of the last century and has been particularly enforced at port locations as standard with larger Mälzereineubauten due to the space-saving design and the short air and transport routes.
  • Keimdarrkästen (English Germinate and Kilning Vessel ). In a Keimdarrkasten the process steps of germination and kilning are consecutively executed without a costly repositioning of germination material must be carried out. Therefore, the system is referred to as static malting. The boxes can either angular ( Saladinkästen ) or round ( tower malting ) are executed. The technology was implemented in 1966 for the first time in the malthouse Schill Osthofen and is therefore also known as germ - Darrsystem Schill. That Darren in germinating proved because of the higher heat energy demand as uneconomical. In particular, after the oil crises and the associated sharp rise in energy prices in the 70s of the last century this technology was again largely abandoned.

Companies in the industry

  • Avangard Malz AG
  • Malteurop
  • GlobalMalt
  • Schill Malz
  • Cargill
  • Erfurt Malzwerke
  • Michael Weyermann Malting
  • First Berlin malting Aktiengesellschaft
  • Malting Grevesmühlen
  • Old Malting, Mülheim an der Ruhr
  • Bergschlößchen Brewery & Malting
Pankow (locality) Oast house
542870
de