Management accounting

The cost and performance accounting ( KLR), also known as cost and revenue accounting ( KER ), Cost Accounting ( KoRe ) or statement of operations referred to, is a task field of business administration. It is part of the internal accounting and is subject compared to financial accounting barely legal requirements. The KLR is primarily the internal information provision for short-term (operational ) management of costs and revenues as well as their control by means of planned and target and actual data. The long-term (strategic ) planning is done with the help of investment appraisal.

Objective

The KLR is an institutionalized information system that includes all economically assessable processes of information acquisition and processing on incurred or planned business operations and is addressed primarily to Internal company. The KLR is used to determine the costs and performance information to improve the clarity of the operating balance. The main task of the KLR is the proof in the consumption of related economic factors of production on the value chain in an accounting period.

Objectives and tasks of the KLR are:

  • The cost-effectiveness of control processes, cost centers, departments or establishments by target / actual comparison, comparison over time or comparison of institutions
  • Costing and actual costing and evaluation of the cost object
  • Obtaining information as a basis for decision bills, for example, via in-house production or external procurement ( Product Policy ) or acceptance or submission of offers (pricing policy )
  • Facilitating the implementation of a short-term profit and loss account ( kER ). This requires a proper cost and performance capture.
  • Review of inventories in the annual balance sheet

Basically for the introduction or maintenance of cost accounting that these tasks themselves may no longer incur costs as they savings and value - bring for the operation - in terms of information gathering.

For all cost accounting practices with the retrospective analysis is due to the lack of binding to the process that has already elapsed that they are inadequate to allow a controlling intervention in an ongoing operational events

Data acquisition and processing

The KLR gets its source data from financial accounting, the operating statistics from external sources as well as through in-house development (for example, imputed costs ). The KLR is now in larger companies part of ERP systems and relates these systems from many source data, such as work plans and parts lists for the calculation and execution numbers of processes for a process costing.

The preparation and processing of these source data according to specific criteria of cost formation and distribution: one speaks generally of the demarcation account in particular of the three levels of cost accounting:

  • Cost Accounting
  • Cost Center Accounting
  • Cost Object Controlling

This data is then applied continuously in a cost accounting system.

Schemes for the costing

Both historically and methodologically, a distinction between different systems of cost accounting and its manifestations, the content often overlap. For very short-term decisions, the contribution margin accounting offers and for short-to medium-term decisions, the full cost accounting. Long-term decisions are made based on the statement of investments, which are not part of the cost and performance accounting. In more precise:

  • Full cost accounting, since about 1950 forms.: Costing
  • Normal cost accounting
  • Actual cost
  • Costing, since about 1975, requires a more intensive data collection. forms: Contribution margin accounting: Direct Costing
  • Fixed charge coverage calculation
  • Profit Center Accounting as an extension of the cost center accounting for results analysis on departmental and divisional level.

A completely different approach, the relative direct costs bill after Paul Riebel, which allocates the costs and benefits solely on the principle of identity.

To some extent, certain practical areas of Operations Research also be seen as additional tasks of cost accounting.

Statute Enterprise-Resource-Planning Total absorption costing Grenzplankostenrechnung Project accounting Operating cost
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