Mangazeya

Mangaseya (Russian Мангазея ) was a town and trading colony in northwest Siberia, which consisted for the early history of the Russian settlement of Siberia in the 17th century. It was located just north of the Arctic Circle on the River Tas, which flows into the Arctic Ocean between the Ob and Yenisei.

History

Russian settlers of the coast of the White Sea, also known as Pomors, Mangaseya founded in 1601, after they had reached the area in the previous year for the first time. They acted on the northern sea route via Arkhangelsk with Norwegian, Danish and English merchants. The trade route led from Arkhangelsk and Pustosjorsk along the coast of the White Sea, the Barents Sea and the Kara Sea to the Baidarazkaja - bosom. From there, the Yamal Peninsula on the rivers Mutnaja ( " Turbid River ", now called Yuribei ) and was Seljonaja ( "Green River " ) crossing, then crossed the Obbusen and followed the Tasbusen up. About 200 kilometers upstream on the right bank of there about a kilometer wide Tas was Mangaseya. Another, more elaborate beschwerlicherer and time, but all year passable road led across the northern Urals to Verkhoturye, further in, which was founded in 1593 Berjosow on the Ob and from there down the river. From Mangaseya from could be reached by land and smaller right keys tributaries of the river Turukhan on which the trade went down to the Yenisei. In Mangaseya were the original inhabitants of the area, the " Samoyed " and " Tungus " traded; were collected from Siberia to be shipped during the short northern summer to Scandinavia and Western Europe furs and Walrossbein. In the city with more than 500 buildings, a fur trade for more than 2000 dealers was held in every June.

After a few years, flowering the northern trade route in favor of the land route via Verkhoturye in 1619 was forbidden under penalty of death for two reasons: on the one hand, the Russian state had few opportunities to raise on her duties and taxes, on the other hand they wanted to the feared encroachment of English prevent and other foreigners to Siberia. This fear is not without foundation, as evidenced by plans of the English King James I.

The country still possible and flow path in the northern Mangaseya was against the way through southern West Siberia far riskier and more expensive, thus it was unprofitable. The city existed more than half a century, but experienced a rapid decline. 1642 there was a major fire, in which, among other things, the city archives were destroyed. After another devastating fire in 1662 in connection with disputes among the Russian settlers and an attack of the then " Juraken " said West Siberian Nenets moved most of the remaining inhabitants in the approximately 250 line kilometers south west at the mouth located Novaya Mangaseya ( " New Mangaseya ") above. This was 1780 Turuchansk administrative center of a okrugs, experienced after the loss of its administrative functions from about 1825 also a decline and is now called Staroturuchansk ( the present settlement Turuchansk was 20 kilometers away to the far -right Yenisei banks in the 20th century). Until the late 17th century, " Old - Mangaseya " was abandoned.

"Rediscovery"

The Northern Sea Route of Pomors after Mangaseya fell into oblivion until the 20th century, however, the situation of Mangaseya was never completely unknown. In the remote area for a long time but have not been conducted archaeological work. 1929 Basil ( Vasily ) consecrated by Mangaseya wooden chapel was built on a site of the old Mangaseya, transfered into Established in 1863, the village Sidorowsk ( 2006 officially abandoned in the far north of present-day Rajons Krasnoselkup of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug ). 1946 stayed the archaeologist W. Tschernezow on the site, but could not perform any excavations because of the existing snowpack.

Public attention was drawn in the summer of 1967 on Mangaseya, when the journalist Mikhail Skorochodow followed together with the pomorischen hunters and fishermen Dmitry Butorin with the small fishing boat Schtschelja from Arkhangelsk to the old sea route to Mangaseya and on to Dikson on the Yenisei estuary over 4000 km. In the following summers until 1970, and again in the 1970s, Leningrad scientists conducted under Mikhail Belov by excavations, during which residues of the ostrogs with three towers, the harbor, the large Handelshof (Russian Гостиный двор / Gostiny dvor ), several churches, the Woiwodenpalastes, of warehouses and workshops, including a copper foundry, as well as a variety of residential buildings of the old Mangaseya were found.

Basil of Mangaseya

In connection with Mangaseya is a saint of the Russian Orthodox Church, St. Basil of Mangaseya (Russian Vasily Mangaseiski ). Born in 1588 the son of a merchant from Yaroslavl accompanied another businessman after Mangaseya. As was his shop robbed, accused the merchant Vasily the complicity. In the course of interrogations, where Vasily insisted that he had prayed in the period in question in a church, he came through maltreatment killed. As a presumptive death year is assumed 1602.

From about 1650, when it should have come at the grave Wassilis to miraculous healings, his remains were venerated in Mangaseya; from 1659 he was regarded locally as a saint. 1670 the remains were transferred to the Trinity Monastery of new Mangaseya, later Turuchansk transferred. The uppermost and regional bodies of the Orthodox Church banned the worship of Basil of Mangaseya more than once; until the beginning of the 20th century, the repeated petitions Siberian creditors success, and he was canonized by the Holy Synod as a martyr.