Manor house
As a mansion or manor house inhabited by a landed gentry landlords or building is designated farm - provided it is not a castle, so it no duke or king served as a residence. The terms are often used interchangeably, however, particularly for large, artistically designed plants.
General
The manor and the castle differ less by their inhabitants, as by their function. The mansion is always the center of the estate, as the manor, winery or noble estate, so to speak, a historic farm, a property rule. The squire - could come from the nobility, but did not have - was not only landowners and employers, but he could speak on his estate also usually right and make judgments. The workers were mostly serfs who were completely subordinate to the landlord. The differences between the manor house and castle are therefore functional area: A small estate of a non- noble Lord has only one mansion, the mansion of a noble landowner may also be referred to as a castle. Serves a noble castle only for representative purposes and has no farm estate, it's never a mansion. Is the mansion of the non- noble Lord especially great artistic and well designed, it is usually ennobled colloquially to the castle.
The structural development of the manors continued with the emergence of agricultural goods (see: Grange ) 1500 a. Originally it was a simple but massive apartment buildings, which formed the center of the estates. In the documents of historical archives, these houses are therefore often referred to as the feast house. They usually had a field stone foundation and a half-timbered building, partly as a vaulted cellar and growing a stair tower. In the first half of the 17th century, the brick for the exterior walls prevailed. About two door leaves the mansion and visually dominant three-winged house developed further to the surrounding countryside. In the reconstruction after the Thirty Years War, the mansion became the central building of larger farm buildings. He was often preceded by a gatehouse, which formed the entrance to the plant.
The term " mansion " is more commonly used in Northern Germany and is not used in Austria, Bavaria and Baden- Württemberg. Mostly there this type of building " castle ", " farm " or " farm " is called. The former mansion of the lord in a traditional Bavarian and Austrian Hofmark is referred to in Bavarian language area as Hofmarkschloss. In the Baltic States, in present-day Latvia and Estonia, they were known colloquially as "The Castle".
Mansions in Germany
Brandenburg
In Brandenburg, there is no clear demarcation from the castle to the mansion; such as the castle Blankensee. Already Fontane put the opposition out in Brandenburg has long been common, but incorrect use of the word "lock". Nevertheless, he speaks of the courage of Brandenburg for use of a "compensating higher titulary " and the traditional designation includes, in particular with regard to representative Herrenhausbauten as " locks " on.
In the scientific literature consists, at least for the former Prussian provinces following "Output Definition" by: The mansion home of a privileged aristocratic Gutsherrschaft ( manor ) is called, this is closely related to the exercise and performance of their landlord union rights and obligations. These rights and obligations relating to the basic, body and court rule as well as the school and church patronage in the area of the respective manor district. Also closely associated with these privileges was the so-called " land " or " district council ability " of the manor. Overall, however, applies a case by case consideration of the respective main influencing factors in the context of each era due to the complex socio-economic development, in particular in the 19th century developed extremely heterogeneous groups of landowners for the use of the word mansion.
Mecklenburg -Western Pomerania
See: Stately Homes in Mecklenburg- Vorpommern
As in Schleswig-Holstein and the mansions in today's Mecklenburg -Vorpommern participated in large proportions. Noble families such as the Maltzahn owned several estates in various regions of the country. In the 40th anniversary of the GDR phase of protection stately homes are not part of the program. So the houses were rebuilt beyond recognition, or used as a quarry and largely demolished. Meanwhile, however, it has become aware, so that many were restored and new uses of the historical significance of the estates. An example of this is the manor Katelbogen in Baumgarten near Biitzow.
North Rhine -Westphalia
In North Rhine -Westphalia, particularly in the Munsterland, most manors developed from former fortified castle and residential developments. The simple designation as a house is very much smoother than the term mansion; but is used like flowing and the transitions from home to the mansion to the castle are quite gradual and be different use and interpretation.
Who call themselves moats here - - Very often, in junction with moats are found to underline the formerly fortified character of the house, such as in house stack. Art History plants are found from Gothic to modern times, many also still inhabited and continue to make the center of large estates dar. Other mansions are now used for cultural purposes and are also open to visitors.
Known examples of Westphalian manors are Rüschhaus house, house Bodelschwinghstraße or house Kemnade.
Schleswig-Holstein
In Schleswig -Holstein the mansions are basic features of the cultural landscape. Due to membership of the Duchy of Holstein to the German Empire ( the Duchy of Schleswig remained until 1864 as a Danish fief ), but the centuries- long ties to both duchies and management by Denmark was here an influential and wealthy landlords who his goods often to the lock size, such expanded example in Borstel.
In Schleswig -Holstein, the mansions have emerged from large estates, as proven in general, the large farm buildings and gatehouses, which are typical of Schleswig- Holstein equipment and exceed the actual mansion in their dimensions often (eg, in Hasselburg ). From the Middle Ages to the Renaissance, the so-called multiple house has in Schleswig- Holstein for many mansions proven this several longhouses were each with its own gabled roof built along one another and varies with turrets, gables and bay windows. Typical plants of this time include Ahrensburg, Nütschau and Wahlstorf. Also Glücksburg Castle is decorated in this form. In the Baroque period set for the mansions castle-like designs by; the best-known plants of this period include the mansions on Emkendorf, Pronstorf or on the Lauenburg Wotersen. Many houses were now also park-like gardens, one of which - only present in rudimentary form - Jersbeker Park even gets on regional notoriety. Similar to the development in the palace were the mansions adapted from classicism to historicism to the new tastes or rebuilt, Good Knoop is a known example of a classical manor house in the country, width castle for a neo-gothic.
The history of the manor in Schleswig -Holstein is not over yet, many plants are inhabited today and to some extent even in the family, they are the center of rural goods and / or cultural venues, such as Salzau. At the same time the historical investments represent but also large demands on historic preservation and the financial possibilities of their owners.
Rest of Prussia
→ See: Gutsbezirk
Non- German -speaking areas
Even in England, Ireland and Sweden, and the southern United States the name of the Manor ( " Manor ", " House " or " Hall " ) for one, most noble, Good is widespread. In ancient Eastern European countries, such as Poland - Lithuania or Hungary, where the needle had a relatively high proportion of the total population, mansions were often built of very modest size and made of wood, but still characterized by a special shape and designed with park. This type of mansions is in Polish dwór called ( " Court " ), in contrast to pałac ( " Castle "), which belonged to the high nobility. In the Dutch province of Groningen to mansions extended, rural stone houses Borgen are called.
Mansions also occur in other cultures; for example, refers to a large, large villa in the countryside in the Cretan- Minoan culture as a mansion; they were ( BC to 1700 BC to 450 ) distributed mainly in the Minoan culture ( Neupalastzeit ) on Crete.