Maralinga Tjarutja

- 26.490277777778132.00777777778Koordinaten: 26 ° 29 ' S, 132 ° 0' O Maralinga Tjarutja (MT ) is a Local Government Area ( LGA) in the Australian state of South Australia and has the special status of an Aboriginal community. The area is 102,863.6 km ² and has 105 inhabitants.

Location

Maralinga Tjarutja is also the name of the Native American tribe who live in that area and manage the community. Your country is located on the western border of South Australia in the outback between the Trans - Australian Railway Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara and in the south, another Aboriginal community in the north. The only settlement of Aboriginal Oak Valley 29 ° 26 ' S, 130 ° 44' O 29.430277777778130.73888888889 in the center of the LGA, about 390 kilometers west of Coober Pedy and 960 km as the crow northwest of Adelaide. Maralinga in the southeast and Emu at Beadell Highway in the northeast of the area are two former bases for the British nuclear tests in the 50s and are military areas under government control.

Along the north-western and western boundary of the LGA perpendicular stripes of Mamungari Conservation Park with an area of ​​21357.85 km ². The park is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. Maralinga Tjarutja from the jointly managed Pila Nguru ( " Spinifex People" ) and a state's Department and whose area is included in the area of ​​the LGA In the east, the Tallaringa Conservation Park adjoins the LGA.

History

In the 50s, the area west of Coober Pedy has been used in the southern Great Victoria Desert and the Nullarbor desert in the Woomera prohibited area for nuclear weapons tests of the British and Australian military. Nine major tests and hundreds of smaller experiments were carried out 1953-1963, the contaminated areas around the Emu and Maralinga significantly radioactive. The living in the area of Aboriginal Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara tribes roamed the area at the time still. Only four years after the end of the tests, 1967, the infested plants were discarded and dug up the earth. It was not until the early 80s showed health damages in Aboriginal and army officials, the area was re-examined and the contaminated soil layers finally completely removed between 1996 and 2000 on several thousand square meters.

Already in the 60s, a movement had begun, the Aboriginal rights and, ultimately, more rights to their own land, the Native Title conceded. But it was only in the late 70s reached the Pitjantjatjaras north of Maralinga concrete commitments, which was implemented in 1981 Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands Right Act with the establishment of a separate administrative area. 1984 joined the Maralinga Tjarutja Lands Right Act in force, the secured and the remaining approximately 100 Aboriginal further south, the Yalata and Maralinga, the self-government. In 1994 it was finally. According to the South Australian Local Government Grants Act to one of five Local Government Areas with special status

Oak Valley

A year after the Maralinga Tjarutja Lands had been committed, was founded in the middle of the area as a center of Oak Valley Community. Today, it is the only settlement in the LGA and there is next to the county seat, a school, a hospital, a geriatric care facility, a shop and a solar power plant. Oak Valley is largely isolated in the outback far from the Trans - Australian Railway in the south and the Anne Beadell Highway, a dirt road that connects Coober Pedy to Laverton. The nearest settlement is about 140 km south -lying place Cook on the railway line.

Management

According to the Maralinga Tjarutja Lands Right Act, the area is represented by a Council, consisting of the " leaders of the traditional land owners ". The composition changed with time, and in 2005 it consisted of eight people, two representatives of the Tjuntjuntjara that come from the field of Mamungari Conservation parks and areas west of it, two representatives from the area around Coober Pedy, two representatives from the area around Indulkana, the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara is one, and two representatives from Oak Valley.

Swell

  • Maralinga Tjarutja Lands Right Act (English )
  • Commission Report 2005/ 06 on the state of development of Aboriginal territories, p.18 -21 ( PDF file, 1.27 MB)
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