Marie Baum

Marie Wood ( born March 23, 1874 in Gdansk, † August 8, 1964 in Heidelberg) was a social reformer of the Weimar Republic and is now considered a pioneer of social work.

Biography and work

Marie Baum was the third of six children. Her father, the son of a surgeon Wilhelm Baum, Wilhelm Georg Baum, was the chief physician of the City Hospital in Gdansk. The mother, Fanny Auguste (Flora) tree, became involved in the women's movement; she led the club in Gdansk Woman Welfare. The maternal grandparents were Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet and Rebecka Dirichlet, née Mendelssohn. In her hometown visited Marienbaum 1891-1893 Real courses, preparing for the Abitur. Then she went, because women could not acquire at German universities, academic degrees, at the ETH Zurich, to study chemistry. During her stay, she learned, among other things Zurich Frieda Duensing, Käthe Kollwitz and Ricarda Huch know.

One semester interrupted Maria tree her studies to care for the seriously ill father. She earned her doctorate at age 22 while working as an assistant at the University of Zurich. Your employment had been fought. Originally, the university authorities wanted ( "Ideally, a Swiss citizen" ) fill the vacancy by a man, but then let himself be swayed by a supported by Professor Albert Heim petition. Then Marienbaum worked briefly as a chemist in the patent department of Agfa in Berlin. In 1902 it was proposed by the National Treasurer Else von Richthofen and through the mediation of Alice Salomon Gewerbeinspektorin the Grand Duchy of Baden, a function in which they had to supervise the working conditions in the factories. They found the following unreasonable conditions on:

" I have numerous kids far drawn under the law age limit of 10 years, well seen from 4 years upwards, bent pale and bent over her work ... The work of the young people was exclusive of breaks, 10 hours; for adult men, there was no maximum working ...; The working hours of women was lowered just about that time from 12 to 11 hours. For those who are married, on the home waited a second load, increased the pressure daily repetitive strain to an extent that they could be out but at first glance from a family of workers. "

In 1907 she took over the management of the company founded by Arthur Castle man Association for infant care and welfare in Dusseldorf. This was under the League of German Women's Associations, where Marienbaum soon joined contacts with like-minded people. In 1909 she was elected to the General Committee and the Board of the German Association for Public and Private Welfare. Further, it was from 1908 Member of the Board and of the Board of the German Office for childcare.

Marie Baum was asked by Gertrud Bäumer to conduct in personal union the newly founded in Hamburg Social School for Women and Social Pedagogical Institute, which opened its doors on April 30, 1917. She taught social policy, economics and was primarily responsible for the practical training of Seminaristinnen. In addition, she worked as a secretary for welfare at the Baden Ministry. 1919/20, belonged to Marie tree for the German Democratic Party of the Weimar National Assembly. Subsequently, she was member of parliament in 1921 until the election of Schleswig- Holstein deputies in February. In 1921 she retired at the end of the legislative period of consideration on their new professional challenges in Karlsruhe, Baden State Department, from the Parliament. Marienbaum devoted himself for seven years, the government structure of the welfare system.

Together with other women and men, including Alice Salomon, Gertrud Bäumer and Eduard Spranger, she founded in 1925 in Berlin-Schöneberg, the German Academy for social and educational women's work, for its research department they, in collaboration with Alice Salomon, which at that time highly regarded publication Family life in the present. 182 family monographs written. 1928 Marie Baum received a teaching assignment for social care and welfare at the Institute of Social and Political Sciences at the University of Heidelberg. This was associated with a move from Karlsruhe to Heidelberg. From 1928 to 1933, the social reformer developed a rich lectures and traveled among others to England, Italy and the United States. After coming to power in 1933, so-called, they had to give up all their teaching assignments and offices, as their maternal grandmother was Jewish. She supported Pastor Hermann Maas, who organized assistance for " non-Aryans " and Jews and helped them to emigrate. In November 1941, the Gestapo carried out a house search at Marie Baum, however, was inconclusive, as they could still bring timely incriminating documents in safety.

From 1946, took over the now more than 70 -year-old again a teaching position at the University of Heidelberg, where he founded the student club Friesenberg and engaged a few months in the CSU, to turning away from this Christian socialism. hereinafter referred to Marienbaum joined the circle around Alfred Weber, Alexander Mitscherlich, among others with the name " Heidelberg action group " to. Bind Politically they did not like and therefore did not carry out political functions more true; the focus of her work she saw in the teaching profession. They also supported the reconstruction of the company founded in 1927 by Elisabeth von Thadden in Wieblingen Castle Country Education home. In 1950 she wrote the Introduction to the Diary of Anne Frank.

Tree remains were buried on the Mount Cemetery ( Heidelberg). Your tomb is adorned by a boulder that bears their name and vital statistics in simple bronze letters. In Heidelberg since 1974 carries a domestic vocational school, a vocational school and in Karlsruhe since 2000, a street its name. Part of estate of Marie Baum is located in Ida- soul archive.

Publications (selection)

  • About p- Xylylhydroxylamin: Contributions to the knowledge of the 1-2- Naphtalendiazooxyds, Diss Univ. Zurich, in 1899, publishing Leeman, 83 pp.
  • Floor plan of health care, Munich 1923
  • With Ricarda Huch, Ludwig Curtius, Anton Erkelenz (ed.): Frieda Duensing: A Book of Remembrance, Berlin: FA Herbig, 3rd ed increased in 1926 (1st edition 1922). ( Contains texts next to the publisher Duensing a longer portrait of Marie Tree)
  • Family Welfare, Karlsruhe 1928
  • Family life in the present. 182 family monographs, Berlin 1930
  • Looking back on my life, Heidelberg 1950
  • Bright track. Ricarda Huch's Life, Tübingen 1950
  • From a life picture Anna von Gierke, in: girls' education and women's work, issue 2/1952, pages 1-12.
  • Anna von Gierke. A life picture, Weinheim / Basel 1954
  • Diary of Anne Frank, Heidelberg, 1950 ( preface)

Literature (selection )

  • .. Dirk hornbeam / Florian Tennstedt (Ed. ): Biographical Dictionary of the History of German Social Policy 1871-1945 Volume 1: social policy in the German Empire 1871-1918 Kassel University Press, Kassel, 2010, pp. 9 f; ISBN 978-3-86219-038-6 print, ISBN 978-3-86219-039-3 online (PDF, 2.2 MB)
  • Hugo Maier: tree, Marie - Practice scholar, social reformer. In: Hugo Maier ( Eds.): Who's Who of Social Work. Freiburg / Br. 1998, pp. 59-64
  • Maike Eggemann / Sabine Hering (ed.): pioneers of modern social work. Weinheim / Munich 1999, pp. 204-228
  • Manfred Berger: Who was ... Marienbaum? In: Social magazine. 23 1998 / H. 12, pp. 6-8
  • Werner Moritz ( ed.): Marie tree. A life of social responsibility. Heidelberg 2000
  • Ruth Mendelssohn -Bartholdy: Women's Movement and Social Work - Marie Baum (1874-1964), for example. Munich 2002 (unpublished thesis )
  • Sabine Andresen: Marienbaum and the formation of the social. In: Dagmar Beinzinger / Isabell Diehm (eds.): Early Childhood and gender relations. Conjunctures in the social education. Frankfurt 2003, pp. 37-53
  • Martin Schumacher, Katharina Luebbe, Wilhelm Heinz Schröder: MdR The members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic in the period of National Socialism. Political persecution, emigration and expatriation, 1933-1945. A biographical documentation. 3rd edition. Droste, Dusseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-7700-5183-1.

Weblinks (selection)

  • Works by or about Marie tree in the catalog that German national library
  • Marienbaum in the database of members of the Reichstag
  • Marie Tree School Heidelberg
  • Photo Marienbaum
  • Biography, Literature & Resources Marienbaum FemBio of the Institute for Women's Biography Research
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