Marie de France

Marie de France (* 1135 in the region of Ile- de -France, † around 1200 probably in England) was a French-speaking poet.

Life

Marie is the first known author of French literature, but it has no information about themselves except their own words " Marie ai now, si suis de France " ( Maria hot and I 'm from France), after which they will be born in the Paris region would have. Judging by her profound education after they came safely from the highest circles. Maybe it is identical with an illegitimate daughter of Godfrey V of Anjou, ie, a half-sister of King Henry II, who is attested as Abbess of Shaftesbury. The target audience Maries was certainly the still predominantly French-speaking English court time in the environment she lived clearly and for which they wrote according to the Anglo-Norman dialect.

Works

Marie's best-known and most original works are the Lais, a collection of twelve Versnovellen, the pairs comprise between about 100 and about 1000 rhyming Achtsilbler and are apparently made ​​over a longer period of time in 1170. They process especially fairy-tale motifs, such as fairies and stories of transformation and Share substances. The latter are mostly "brit norman ", ie Celtic origin, including the Tristan and Isolde fabric that is available here for the first time, albeit in only one of his numerous episodes.

The topics of the simply but subtly told and still appealing stories are very different, but mainly it comes to the difficulties lover to come to each other and / or to stay together. In the majority of Lais that those difficulties are not least from the fact that the beloved woman is married.

Marie has also still leave a collection of 102 fables, the Esope or Ysopet ( 1170-80 ). As a source served her as she indicates at the end, an old English template of 'King Alfred ', which is in turn followed a Latin translation of the Greek fable collection Aesop (6th century BC? ) Used (but clearly are other sources has ).

Her latest work is the. Around 1190 resulting L' Espurgatoire seint Patriz, a transfer in French verse of the Latin prose text Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii

The Lais

Specifically, these are the following twelve texts:

  • Guigemar or Guingamor
  • Equitan
  • Le Fresne ( ' Ash ')
  • Bisclavret: The story of a werewolf who can not transform back into a human, because his wife to get rid of him, hid his clothes. The dupe can free himself from his predicament at the end however. The amendment shows that the figures of medieval poetry are not one-dimensional; because the ostensibly evil werewolf turns out in the end than the good itself.
  • Lanval
  • Les deus Amanz ( ' The two lovers ')
  • Yonec
  • Laüstic
  • Milun
  • Chaitivel
  • Chievrefeuil ( = honeysuckle ): An episode of the Tristan Isolde substance. The creeping along at a hazel branch honeysuckle stands for the togetherness of the two lovers.
  • Eliduc
  • German edition: Marie de France. Poetic narratives by old -Breton Love word. Übers Wilhelm Hertz, ed and epilogue Günther Schweikle. Phaidon, 1986 ISBN 3888511151 Food (contains ten texts as Translator, two as content information in the appendix )
Henry II of England Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou Anglo-Norman language Integrated Authority File
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