Martin J. Lohse

Martin J. Lohse ( born August 26, 1956 in Mainz, the son of the later Lutheran. Bishop Eduard Lohse ) is a German human medicine with a focus on pharmacology and toxicology and cardiovascular research. From 2001 until the dissolution of 2008 he was a member of the National Ethics Council. Since 2009 he has been Vice President for Research at the University of Würzburg and Vice President of the National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.

Life

Martin Lohse studied medicine and philosophy in Göttingen, London and Paris, graduating in 1981 with the medical state examination. Still in 1981, he received his doctorate in medicine with a focus on neurobiology at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen in the Department of Neurobiology. In 1988 he qualified as a professor of pharmacology and toxicology at the University of Heidelberg, 1990, he earned recognition as a specialist in pharmacology and toxicology by the Medical association Baden.

From 1983 to 1988, Martin Lohse Assistant Professor of Pharmacology at the institutes of the universities of Bonn and Heidelberg, 1988-1989 Research Associate at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Duke University, USA. At Duke University in 1990 he was Assistant Medical Research Professor. From 1990 to 1993 Martin Lohse was group leader at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology at the University of Munich and the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry in Martinsried. Since 1993 he is Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the University of Würzburg. The 2001 founded there Rudolf- Virchow- Center ( DFG Research Center for Experimental Biomedicine ) is run by him as a founding spokesman. He was one of the initiators of the course biomedicine in 2001 and one of the founders of the graduate schools of the University of Würzburg, whose managing director, he is since 2003.

Martin Lohse Also 1996, various committees of the German Research Community (DFG ), as the Senate and Joint Committee (2001-2007) and the Grants Committee Excellence Initiative of the DFG and the German Science Council. He directs a number of scientific advisory boards, in particular the scientific advisory board of the Robert Bosch Foundation and the Biomedical Research Centres Institute of Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires ( I2MC ) in Toulouse and the Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF ) in Montpellier.

October 1, 2009 Martin Lohse is in addition to the Office for Research Vice- President of the University of Würzburg; he was reelected in 2012.

Work

Martin Lohse explores receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters, which are important drug targets. His main interest is the G- protein - coupled receptors ( GPCR), which include the receptors for adrenaline and noradrenaline. He discovered the beta- arrestins, which are responsible for the shutdown of receptors, by attaching to receptors when activated and by G- protein -coupled receptor kinases ( GRK ) were phosphorylated. He also discovered that G- proteins are inhibited by a specific regulatory protein phosducin.

He found out that increasingly occur in chronic heart failure GRK in the heart and off the beta -adrenoceptors; this is probably a protective mechanism against excessive stimulation by epinephrine and norepinephrine. The proof of the harmful effect of increased activity of beta- adrenergic receptors in the heart is the basis for treatment by beta-blockers dar. further his research group found that in a subset of patients with chronic heart failure antibodies against beta1- adrenergic receptors appear that the prognosis patients deteriorate significantly. Your blockade by cyclic peptides derived from the receptor, leading to the creation of Corimmun GmbH in Martinsried and is currently being tested clinically as a therapy for heart failure. Further work on chronic heart failure showed that this specific activation of ERK protein kinases ( extracellular signal -regulated kinase ) by phosphorylation of the isoforms 1 and 2 occurs at threonine -188.

Lohse is a pioneer of optical analysis of cellular signaling processes. His group developed fluorescent sensors for receptors, G - proteins and their effectors. These permit the microscopic observation, where and when that signal paths are switched on in a cell. Such studies have shown how fast the G protein- coupled receptors can be activated; for most receptors this time is about 50 milliseconds. The subsequent steps of signal propagation can be detected in time and space with these methods. This gives a picture of how and where the effect of a receptor outgoing signals in a cell. Recent work have individual receptors on the cell surface and show how they move and together form pairs.

Lohse is one of the founders of the biotech companies ProCorde, Corimmun and advanceCOR. From his research group numerous renowned pharmacologists emerged, among others, the Chair Lutz Hein, University of Freiburg, Ursula Quitterer, ETH Zurich, Moritz Bünemann, University of Marburg, Stefan Engelhardt, Technical University of Munich, and Stefan Schulz, University of Jena.

Honors and Awards

For his work, Martin Lohse received a number of awards and honors, so the 1986 Fritz Külz Price, 1987 Claudius Galen Prize (now Galen von Pergamon Prize ), 1990 to Gerhard Hess Prize of the German research Foundation, the 1991 research Award of the German Federal Ministry of Health, in 1996 the price of the Vaillant -Stiftung and the 1999 Leibniz Prize, the 2000 Ernst Jung Prize for Medicine, 2005 PR Report Award ( for the kids laboratories at the Rudolf Virchow Center ) and in 2006 the Bavarian Order of Merit. In 2007 he received the Research Achievement Award of the ISHR for outstanding achievements in the field of cardiovascular research, in 2009 the Ariens Award of the Dutch Society for Pharmacology and 2010 Jacob Henle Medal. In 2012 he is Svedberg Lecturer at the University of Uppsala. In 2012 he was offered a professorship of Vallee Foundation, Harvard Medical School, awarded.

Martin Lohse is a member of the North Rhine- Westphalian Academy of Sciences and Arts, since 1998 a full member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and since 2000 member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina since 2004. On 2 October 2009 Martin Lohse was the successor of Nobel Laureate Harald zur Hausen Vice President of the Leopoldina, National Academy of Sciences elected.

Selected Publications

• Philipp M, Brede ME, Hadamek K, Gessler M, Lohse MJ, Hein L (2002): Placental alpha2 - adrenoceptors control vascular development at the interface in between mother and embryo. Nature gene. 31, 311-315.
• Lohse MJ (2013 ): Ophthalmika. In: Medicine Regulation Report 2013 ( Schwabe U, Paffrath D, eds. ), Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.
• Lohse MJ, Müller- Oerlinghausen B ( 2013): hypnotics and sedatives. In: Medicine Regulation Report 2013 ( Schwabe U, Paffrath D, eds. ), Springer Verlag, Heidelberg.
• Lohse MJ, Müller- Oerlinghausen B ( 2013): psychotropic drugs. In: Medicine Regulation Report 2013 ( Schwabe U, Paffrath D, eds. ) Springer -Verlag, Heidelberg.