Martin Noth

Martin Noth ( born August 3, 1902 in Dresden, † May 30 1968 in Schivta / Subeita in the Negev ) was a German Protestant theologian. The focus of his scholarly work are historical-critical research on the Old Testament and the history of Israel.

Biography

Martin Noth was born on August 3, 1902 as the son of the high school senior teacher Lic Gerhard Noth and Celestine Hochmuth. One of his brothers, Gottfried Noth, was later Saxon bishop.

From 1909 to 1913 Noth attended the elementary school in Dresden, from 1913 to 1921 then the local high school of the Holy Cross. From 1921 to 1925 he studied theology and Oriental Studies in Erlangen, Rostock and Leipzig. His principal teachers were at this time Rudolf Kittel and ( especially) Albrecht Alt.

In 1925 he made ​​his first theological examination. In 1927 he completed the doctorate, which was based on a coat of 1922 recorded price task on the importance of the Israelite people's names. Was supervised the dissertation as well as the less than five months later in 1927 filed Habilitation of Johannes Hempel. The subject treated was reflected in Noth's first monograph The Israelite personal names under the public -Semitic nomenclature (1928) and previously been in an essay in ZDMG 81 (1927 ), 1-45.

After a short period as a lecturer in Greifswald Noth was umhabilitieren 1928 to Leipzig. In December 1929 Noth was appointed full professor in Königsberg as successor to Max Lohr. In 1938 he became a full member of the humanities class of Königsberg Learned Society.

From 1939 to 1941 and from 1943 to 1945 Noth was convened as a soldier. During the war, he lost his entire library and all scientific papers and records. With the end of the war he and his family lived temporarily in Halle an der Saale, to Noth was appointed on November 1, as the successor of Anton Jirku removed from office at the University of Bonn. This was followed by calls to Göttingen, Tübingen, Hamburg and Basel, Noth but turned down.

For October 1, 1964 Noth was granted leave to conduct the reopened German Protestant Institute of Archaeology in the Holy Land in Jerusalem. On October 1, 1967, the retirement took place. On May 30, 1968 Noth died during an excursion in the Negev desert of a coronary thrombosis; He was buried in Bethlehem.

Scientific Importance

Noth has developed several major theories, through the biblical scholarship has been greatly changed.

Israelite amphictyony

Famous is his theory of the pre-state Israel, in which he describes this as amphictyony. He starts from the existence of a pre-state tribes of Israel Association, which was organized as a kind of Holy League with a common central sanctuary. Although this theory can explain a lot, she is now considered outdated.

Tradition history of the Pentateuch

With regard to the origin of the Pentateuch Noth has developed the " traditio-historical explanatory model ". Thus the Pentateuch is disposed of several thematically, created originally independent tradition blocks and not different from the combination elaboration, the entire Pentateuch by coating layers ( narrative strands ).

  • Deuteronomy Devarim (Hebrew )
  • Joshua Yehoshua (Hebrew )
  • Judge Schofetim (Hebrew )
  • 1 Samuel / 2 Samuel Shmuel (Hebrew )
  • 1 Kings / 2 Kings Melachim (Hebrew )

Deuteronomistisches historical work

Finally, to this day in its core largely undisputed theory goes back from the Deuteronomic history on distress. According to this theory, a term coined by the theology of Deuteronomy " historian " using the existing scriptures and traditions about the Book of Joshua, the so-called "judge", Samuel, and the Kings of Israel and Judah has created a large number of books comprehensive historical work.

Works

  • The Israelite personal names under the public -Semitic nomenclature, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1928. The Israelite personal names under the public -Semitic nomenclature. Stuttgart: Kohl Hammer, 2010 [ emphasis added] ( Contributions to the science of the Old and New Testaments; H. 46 = Episode 3, H. 10).
  • The book of Joshua. 2, verb. Edition, Tübingen: Mohr, 1953.
  • The Book of Joshua, 3rd edition, unveränd. Nachdr the second, verb. Edition, Tübingen: Mohr, 1971.
  • The World of the Old Testament. Introduction to the border areas of Old Testament scholarship. 4, neubearb. Ed, Berlin: Töpelmann, 1962 ( collection Töpelmann, Vol 3).
  • The World of the Old Testament. An Introduction. With a pref by Hans Walter Wolff, Freiburg / Basel / Wien: Herder oJ ( Herder spectrum; Vol. 4060 ).

List of Publications

  • Hermann Schult: Bibliography Martin Noth In: Martin Noth: Collected Studies on the Old Testament. Edited by Hans Walter Wolff. Volume 2 Kaiser, Munich 1969, pp. 166-205 ( Theological Library 39, ISSN 0563 - 430X ).
553373
de