Master of the Rolls
Master of the Rolls is after the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, the second highest judicial office in the English legal system. The Master of the Rolls sitting in front of the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales. He is also responsible for approval of attorneys at the United Kingdom Supreme Court.
History and etymology
The first mention of Master of the Rolls dated 1286, even if it is assumed that there was the office previously. The unusual title called earlier the leading officials of the firm Lord, who was responsible for the most important correspondence of the king and the records to be kept ( "Roles ") of the Court of Chancery. Until the appointment of Thomas Cromwell in 1534 the office was always exercised by clerics. The 96th and current Master of the Rolls is John Dyson, Lord Dyson.
Appointment
The appointment of the Master of the Rolls was incumbent had the king of England. Before taking office had their presidential candidates, provided that the king was staying in London, swear an oath of office in Westminster Hall. Although the appointment by the King is still valid today, however, this purely formal. The proposal comes today by a commission composed of the President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom as Chairman, the Lord Chief Justice and the Chairman of the Judicial Appointments Commission. This shall submit to the Lord Chancellor, a proposal he can then either accept or reject. As Master of the Rolls can only be appointed who meets the requirements for appointment as a Lord Justice of Appeal or Judge of the Court of Appeal, that the approval may demonstrate as a barrister or solicitor and has at least seven years of professional experience.
Tasks
In his position as head of the Office of the Lord Master of the Rolls was also responsible for keeping the Great Seal of England in addition to the safekeeping of documents and records in the absence of the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. With the Rolls Estate Act of 1837 the Master of the Rolls, the management of the Public Record Office was transferred. By the time he took over, in close cooperation with the Lord Chancellor, and judicial functions. So John Frank took during a trip by the Lord Chancellor to France perceive its judicial function. 1496 the position of Master of the Rolls was enshrined in law as a judge for the first time and determined that he should be responsible for complaints of perjury. As long as the Master of the Rolls, however, was working as a deputy to the Lord Chancellor, he could speak no final judgments; all judgments that were issued in the absence of the Lord Chancellor, had to confirm this. With the Judicature Acts of 1875 and 1881 and the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876, the Master of the Rolls was appointed President of the Court of Appeal. Although, went over with the increasing influence of the Master of the Rolls in the field of law that the tasks associated with the storage of documents by and by his deputy, he was appointed head of the National Archives was transferred in 1837. By 2003, he chaired the 1869 Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts used and the Advisory Council on Public Records.
Seat
Originally traveled the Master of the Rolls as part of the Court of Chancery with the court of the king. But even under Edward I took the functions to the Master of the Rolls tasks to a level that required a localized orderly room. First, the Master of the Rolls office was at Domus Conversorum housed a home for Jews who converted to Christianity in the Chancery Lane. Around 1520 the office in the so-called Harflu Inn, south of Carey Street was housed. The records of the Court of Chancery were kept at various places inside and outside of London over the centuries. End of the 12th century, they were in the Temple Church, 1337 - in the tenure of John de St. Paul, they were kept in the Tower of London and in the Abbey of St Mary in York. 1838, the Public Record Office established that in the building of today's Maughan Library, the main library of King's College had its headquarters. 2003, the Public Record Office dissolved and merged with the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts of the British National Archives. As President of the Civil Chamber of the Court of Appeal has today Master of the Rolls his office in the Royal Courts of Justice in London.