Matteuccia struthiopteris
Ostrich Fern ( Matteuccia struthiopteris )
The Ostrich Fern or Ostrich ( Matteuccia struthiopteris ) is a domestic in Central Europe fern of the family of Onocleaceae. He is the only one in Europe occurring of only two species of the genus Matteuccia.
- 4.1 Literature
- 4.2 Notes and references
Description
The ostrich fern is a perennial plant with a powerful rhizome. The leaves form an upright, funnel-shaped rosette. The plant reaches a height of 30 to 150 centimeters.
The sterile leaves ( Trophophylle ) are bright green and broad - lanceolate in outline. The Hauptfiedern are pinnate to pinnatisect. The respective innermost portion particularly the lowest pinnae is curved like a sickle through the leaf stem.
The sporophylls are clearly distinguished from the sterile leaves and are dark brown and ostrich feather similar to the spores mature. They have a linear- lanceolate outline, the Hauptfiedern are fiederlappig, the individual sections are curled. The sori are arranged in two rows.
The chromosome number is 2n = 80
Occurrence
Dissemination
The species has a circumpolar area. The distribution is described as submeridional / montane boreal up with subozeanischem focus.
In Germany it is rare, even endangered in several states. In Germany, therefore, he is one of the specially protected species. In Austria he is absent-minded; However, it is absent in Vienna and Vorarlberg, likewise in Liechtenstein.
The ostrich fern is often planted as an ornamental plant. In the Maritime provinces of Canada and in Japan young, still curled shoots are eaten as a vegetable.
Location
The ostrich fern grows in lowland forests, Hochstaudenfluren and stream banks of the ( collin ) submontane and montane ( subalpine - ) altitude level. He is lime-intolerant and grows on sickernassen, nutrient-rich, sandy to gravelly alluvial soils.
Taxonomy
The ostrich fern was first published in 1753 by Carolus Linnaeus in Species Plantarum under the basionym Osmunda struthiopteris. The Style epithet struthiopteris was chosen by Linnaeus after the ostrich feather -like fertile fronds ( late Latin and Greek struthio strouthion = ostrich and Greek pteris = fern ).
Agostino Todaro put the Ostrich Fern in 1866 in the newly created genus Matteuccia, which was in honor of Carlo Matteucci ( 1811-1868 ), an Italian physiologist and electrical physicist who was Minister of Education in 1862, named.
Other synonyms are Onoclea struthiopteris (L.) Roth, Struthiopteris germanica Willd. and Struthiopteris filicastrum All.