Max Adler (Marxist)

Max Adler (born 15 January 1873 in Vienna, † June 28, 1937 ) was an Austrian jurist, politician and social philosopher; He was a key theorist of Austro-Marxism. He was a brother of Oskar Adler.

Life

Max Adler earned his doctorate in 1896, Dr. jur. and became a lawyer. In the early summer of 1919 he was teacher of the Schönbrunn circle. The Vienna Vice Mayor Max Winter was able to put in the main building of the castle Schönbrunn premises Kinderfreunde available. In this Schoenbrunn school educators were trained in the young people to educators, was able to realize together with his colleague Wilhelm Jerusalem, Alfred Adler, Marianne Pollak, Josef Luitpold Stern and Otto Felix Kanitz Max Adler educational reform programs. In 1920 he habilitated at the University of Vienna and was ao Professor of Sociology and Social Philosophy at the University of Vienna. From 1919 to 1921 he was a Social Democratic member of parliament of Lower Austria. Adler worked in the People's higher education and from 1904 to 1925 together with Rudolf Hilferding editor of Marx studies.

Work

Max Adler's first major theoretical work was a study Max Stirner. A contribution to the determination of the relationship between socialism and individualism (1894 ). The title is programmatic for eagle subsequent theoretical efforts. Although he vehemently aneckte with this study on Marx's proscribed opponent Stirner in the Marxist party theoreticians and let them therefore unpublished, Stirner remained life present in the background of his thought. Adler's biographer Alfred Pfabigan was after reviewing the estate there surprised by the display " spiritual relationship eagle to Stirner because of their high continuity. "

Because Adler wanted to work in the context of the emerging social democracy, he mentioned later Stirner, although he of the utmost importance held him as " psychological counterpart " to Marx, only with great caution and initially took largely the doctrine of historical materialism: The story is one of class struggles, the knowledge of which is determined as the unity of theory and practice of revolutionary. He looked from the social contradictions of the previous development " an ever greater harmony and perfection " result, until the revolution of the proletariat " the pursuit of their own class interests with the solidarity of society" coincides in the end. By way of derogation from orthodox Marxism reduced the Adler'sche however, the dialectic to a mere methodology of social science, which should correspond to no real dialectic of historical being. Likewise rejects Adler - agree with other theoreticians of the Second International as Karl Kautsky and Karl Liebknecht - the connection of scientific socialism and materialism from: the true Marxism is' in reality social idealism ". Historical materialism is perverted for eagle basically in subjective idealism. He was particularly interested because even a logical epistemological foundation of sociology in which the Marxian motives have entered into an association with the transcendentalism of Kant. According to Adler, " the individual consciousness a priori socialized " has already, in that each logical judgment contains the necessary relation to a multiplicity of matching subjects; the Adlerian, Sozialapriori ' transcendental to the possibility of social reality condition at all.

In controversy with Hans Kelsen and Hermann Heller Adler emerged contributions to a Marxist theory of the state. The formal concept of democracy criticizing differentiated eagle between political democracy should act as a governing organization of the bourgeois class and a social democracy in which addition will be the suppression abolished the class antagonisms, and in its place a " solidarity administrative reform " of society. The establishment of a socialist society remained tied for eagle on the Marxian, Breaking the state machinery '. The politician Adler did not enter into any compromise with the so-called social-chauvinism or the Majority Socialist " reformism ". Importantly the position taken by Adler, Otto Bauer and Rudolf Hilferding Austro-Marxism was not least for the discussions on the left wing of the German Social Democracy before 1933.

Publications

  • Immanuel Kant in memory. Commemorative speech on the 100th anniversary of his death. Vienna 1904
  • Causality and teleology in the battle to advance the science. In: Marx studies. Vol 1, Vienna, 1904, pp. 195-433
  • Marx as a thinker. Berlin 1908 ( 2 umgearb. Edition, Vienna 1921)
  • Socialism and the intellectuals. Vienna 1910 (1919, 1920 and 1923)
  • The sociological meaning of the doctrine of Karl Marx. Leipzig 1914
  • Signpost. Studies on the intellectual history of socialism. Stuttgart: Dietz 1914 ( online version)
  • Democracy and council system. Vienna 1919
  • Angel as a thinker. Berlin 1920 (1925)
  • The conception of the state of Marxism. A contribution to the distinction between sociological and legal method. Vienna 1922
  • The Sociological in Kant's critique of knowledge. Vienna 1924
  • Kant and Marxism. Berlin 1925
  • Political and social democracy. Berlin 1926
  • Textbook of materialist conception of history, 2 vols Berlin 1930/32
  • The mystery of the Company. At the epistemological foundation of critical social science. Vienna 1936
Austromarxism Max Winter (politician) Hermann Heller (legal scholar) Neue Deutsche Biographie Herbert Marcuse Wolfgang Abendroth Thomas Meyer (political scientist) Integrated Authority File
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