Max Noether

Max Noether (* September 24, 1844 in Mannheim, † December 13, 1921 in Erlangen, Germany ) was a German mathematician and the father of Emmy and Fritz Noether.

Life

Noether's father was co-owner of a company for iron wholesale in Mannheim. Noether was unable to walk due to polio at the age of 14 years. He got a few years only private lessons and devoted himself to extensive reading. Before he began his studies in mathematics in 1865 in Heidelberg, he spent a year at the observatory in Mannheim. During his studies with Gustav Kirchhoff he dealt mainly with theoretical physics, and came to his own words from there to the works of Bernhard Riemann and algebraic geometry. He received his doctorate in 1868 with a thesis on astronomy, which he had written at the observatory in his time, and went on to Giessen to Alfred Clebsch, who applied his school Riemann's function theory and the Abelian theorem in the theory of algebraic curves. Here he met his longtime later co-author Alexander von Brill know. In 1869 he followed Clebsch to Göttingen. In 1870 he habilitated. In 1875 he was awarded an extraordinary professorship in Erlangen, where he remained until his death. In 1880 he married Ida Amalia Kaufmann. 1882, daughter Emmy ( Amalie ), 1883 Alfred, 1884 and 1889 Gustav Robert Fritz was born. From 1888 to 1919 he was a full professor in Erlangen. Since 1887 he was a corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. His daughter Emmy Noether in Göttingen was later a leading mathematician.

In 1899 he was president of the German Mathematical Society.

Services

Max Noether worked on questions of algebraic geometry and algebraic functions. 1873 ( Mathematische Annalen Bd.6 ) he proved the fundamental theorem of the theory of algebraic functions, which is named after him. It gives conditions to that of two plane algebraic curves and points of intersection with n, there exists a curve, with polynomials A, B, which passes through the n points of intersection.

With Brill, he was the founder of a purely algebraic theory of algebraic curves toward the (over the algebraic functions and their application in geometry, Mathematische Annalen Bd.7, 1874). They prove, for example, the theorem of Riemann -Roch purely algebraic. Next examined Noether classification of algebraic space curves, partly in competition with the Frenchman Georges Halphen.

Noether was also interested in history and wrote 1894 Brill a large overview article on the history of the theory of algebraic functions. He has also written numerous obituaries for the Mathematische Annalen ( as of Hermite, Cayley, Sylvester, Cremona, Lie, von Staudt ).

Works

  • At the foundation of the theory of algebraic space curves, Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Sciences, Berlin 1883
  • In memory of Karl Georg Christian von Staudt, Erlangen 1901
  • About the singular elements of algebraic curves, Erlangen 1902
  • Outline of a theory of algebraic functions, Leipzig 1911 ( co-author )

Treatises (selection)

  • A. Brill, M. Noether: The development of the theory of algebraic functions in ancient and modern times, DMV Annual Report, Volume 3, 1892/83, pp. 107-566.
  • On the theory of the unique Compliance algebraic structure of any number of dimensions, Mathematische Annalen (MA) Volume 2 (1870 ) p.293
  • Over surfaces which possess multitudes of rational curves, Mathematische Annalen, Volume 3 (1871 ) p.161
  • About the unique space transformations, especially in its application to the mapping of algebraic surfaces, Mathematische Annalen, Volume 3 (1871 ) S.547
  • On the theory of the unique level transformations, Mathematische Annalen, Volume 5 (1872), S.635
  • On the theory of Thetafunctionen of four arguments, Mathematische Annalen, volume 14 (1879 ) p.248
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