McDonnell Douglas DC-9

By 1967, Douglas Aircraft Company, McDonnell Douglas, then

The Douglas DC- 9 and McDonnell Douglas DC-9 is a twin -aisle aircraft of the U.S. aircraft manufacturer Douglas Aircraft Company ( 1967: McDonnell Douglas ) for the short and medium- haul routes. It is a twin-engine low-wing aircraft with the side of the rear -mounted jet engines, a pressurized cabin, retractable undercarriage and a T-tail. The DC-9 has been completely redesigned from Douglas to the experience of the four-engine long-range DC-8 engine to complement this.

History

The first designs for future DC -9 were created in 1961 as Douglas Model 2086, which already came very close to the final design and ROCHE a wing sweep of 24 °. The fuselage cross-section corresponded conceptually to the double circular cross -section of the Douglas DC-8, but was smaller than this, which refers to the period nor should prove competitive disadvantage compared to the Boeing models 727, 737 and 757, the 707 took over the hull directly. From the beginning, the use of turbofan engines was provided. In an interview were initially the Pratt & Whitney JTF10A -2 or the Rolls- Royce Spey. Depending on the seating should find place 56-77 passengers. Already in April 1962 Design details have been launched and published in the trade press, where you ran out of a market of 400 to 1000 airplanes in this segment for the next ten years.

The decision as to the aircraft, now already to develop with the name DC-9, was announced on April 9, 1963, and the detailed design work began in July 1963. 's Original design was extended by about 3m and so offered up to 83 passengers Place. First order of the new pattern were in the summer of 1963, the Bonanza Airlines and Delta Air Lines.

The first of five prototypes began on February 25, 1965 for its first flight. Thus, the aircraft could be operated in accordance with the then rules, with a cockpit crew of only two pilots, the take-off mass was limited to 37.4 thousand kilograms. As engines were in their thrust to 55.6 kN limited Pratt & Whitney JT8D5 turbofans used. The approval by the Federal Aviation Administration on 23 November 1965. On December 8, 1965, Delta Air Lines took the line service operation with the DC -9- 10.

The successor models of the McDonnell Douglas MD -80 series, MD -90 and finally the Boeing 717 were derived from the DC-9

The later type designation MD is because Douglas in 1967 with McDonnell McDonnell Douglas merged to. McDonnell Douglas in turn was acquired by Boeing in 1997, the. , The latest version of the DC-9 again modernized and sold as Boeing 717

The DC-9 family reached until the last delivery of a Boeing 717 on 23 June 2006 a total production of 2,438 copies. Of this total, 976 copies on the DC-9, 1191 on the MD -80, 116 on the MD - 90, and 155 to 717, making it one of the most successful passenger aircraft.

As of October 2013, of 976 produced DC-9 or 83 copies in active service .. The three largest operators are Delta Air Lines ( 15) U.S. Navy ( 12) and USA Jet Airlines (10). The last great western Delta Air Lines continues to be a DC-9, which were taken over by the former Northwest Airlines. By the end of 2008, the fleet was (still by Northwest ) reduced from 103 to 68 copies, and since then more and more degraded. The DC - 9-30 was retired in October 2010, the DC -9- 40 for the year 2010. 50s versions continue to remain in the fleet, but are also gradually replaced and finally retired in January 2014.

Versions

From the DC-9 series 976 aircraft were produced from 1965 to 1982 in Long Beach.

Civilian variants

DC-9 Series 10

The series 10, frequently simply referred to as a DC -9 -10, was the first model of the DC series 9th She offered 90 passengers and made ​​its first flight on 25 February 1965 whereupon the first machine was handed back on September 18, 1965 to launch customer Delta Air Lines. With its 90 passengers can be transported over 2340 km.

The Series 10 included the sub-versions DC -9- 11, -12, -13, -14, -15 and - 15F cargo version, the DC-9 - 15F exclusively by subsequent conversions of passenger DC-9 - or combined passenger and cargo versions of the DC-9 - have been created and does not produce new plants. The DC -9- 11 to -15 differed almost exclusively used by the variants of the Pratt & Whitney -Trie Berke ( JT8D -5 or JT8D -7). In the course of time, almost all of the DC-9 series, 10 placed on the DC-9 -15 standard. In total, up to the last delivery end 1968 137 DC -9- 10 were produced.

DC-9 Series 20

Nominally, the Series 20 or DC -9- 20, the second member of the DC-9 series, developed and offered, however, it was the fourth, according to the numbers 10, 30 and 40 The Series 20 was a high-performance version of the Series 10 developed; this meant a greater range and more powerful engines ( Pratt & Whitney JT8D -9 or JT8D -11 ) to start so well from short runways and high-altitude airports can, also, the range is increased to 3430 km, flown on the now 90 passengers can be.

The Series 20 has only one model, the DC -9- 21st The only customer was the Scandinavian airline SAS, which received 1969 10 copies between December 1968 and May.

DC-9 Series 30

Opposite to the ground pattern extended by about 4.50 meters Series 30 or DC - 9-30 was the second version the offered DC 9th With a total of 621 copies produced it was the most successful type of the original DC - 9 family. The first delivery was made in January 1967 Eastern Air Lines. Due to the extended hull offered the DC - 9-30 up to 115 passengers. The wings of the Series 30 were extended and to allow takeoffs and landings on short runways, equipped with a new slat flap system. The range is 3030 km.

The Series 30 included the sub-variants DC-9 -31 and -32, and the freighter versions - 32F and - 33F. For the first time six copies of the DC-9 were produced from the factory as a freighter in the Series 30. The different variants of the Series 30 were powered by Pratt & Whitney JT8D -7, JT8D -9, JT8D -11 or JT8D -15 engines. In August 2006, there were 621 built DC - 9-30 294 still in service.

DC-9 Series 40

To meet the demand for higher passenger capacity, McDonnell Douglas offered as a third variant of the DC - 9 Series 40 or DC -9- 40, which had again a lengthened fuselage with maximum capacity for 125 passengers at an increased range of 3120 km. The wing was identical to the Series 30 The first delivery was made in late February 1968 SAS. Although the 40 series of only one sub-variant - the DC -9- 41 - was, different engine variants ( Pratt & Whitney JT8D -9, JT8D -11 or JT8D -15) were available.

Only two customers - the already mentioned SAS and the Japanese TDA Toa Domestic Airlines - ordered 71 copies of the DC -9- 41, of which the last was delivered on 7 March 1979.

DC-9 Series 50

The fifth and largest variant of the DC - 9 Series 50 or DC-9 -50, had a stretched on 40,70 m Hull, in which up to 130 passengers could be accommodated. The range is 3030 km. The wing is, as has been adopted by the DC - 9-30 already in the DC-9 -40. The Series 50 consisted of only one model, the DC -9- 51, powered by Pratt & Whitney JT8D -15 or JT8D - 17th The first machine was delivered on August 14, 1975 to Swissair. Overall, left 96 DC-9 -50 McDonnell Douglas factory buildings in Long Beach.

Military variants

The DC-9 - C9A is a specially equipped as a medical aircraft DC-9 Series 30, which was operated by the United States Air Force. The type was named after Florence Nightingale. Of these, 23 units were built and used from 1968 to the patient and personnel transport. The last of these machines ( serial number 876 ) was made in September 2005 out of service.

17 aircraft of the Series 30 and Series 40 were ( officially: DC -9- C9B ) called C -9B supplied as transport aircraft for the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Marine Corps.

Overall, three copies of the DC - 9-30 with the designation VC- 9C were ( officially: DC -9 -VC - 9C) produced as a VIP aircraft for the United States Air Force.

Others

A DC-9 is used by the California Skydiving Perris Valley Skydiving provider for discontinuation of parachutists. For this, the passenger door in the extension of the aisle has been modified rear of the aircraft so that it can be opened during flight.

Accidents

Military user

  • United States Air Force
  • United States Marine Corps
  • United States Navy
  • NASA

Specifications

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