Mentuhotep IV.

Mentuhotep IV reigned from about 2001 to around 1994 BC when ancient Egyptian King (Pharaoh) of the 11th Dynasty ( Middle Kingdom ). The Royal Canon of Turin is omitted rather than its name registration 7 years.

Notes

First year of reign

Mentuhotep is known from rock inscriptions from the Wadi el- Hudi, probably by an expedition under the direction of a Antef, IV. In Ayn Souchna, a town on the western shore of the Red Sea, just south of Suez, also found himself an inscription. This place was the port for expeditions to the Sinai.

Second year of reign

Inscriptions of Mentuhotep IV are known from the Wadi Hammamat, where they who chiseled into the rock, his vizier Amenemhat. Position he was the vizier an expedition to get a sarcophagus for the king. In these inscriptions the planned Sed Festival and the so-called "Gazelle miracle" is mentioned. No. 1, 40, 105, 110 ( The Gazelle miracle. A gazelle lies in front of the assembled expedition team on a stone, which is intended for the sarcophagus of the king, and gets a cub in this inscription is also the full titulary Neb taui called -Res. ), 113, 191 ( here called his mother IMJ. , you will be referred to only as the Queen mother, not as a king consort, which it is inferred that Neb taui -Re was non- royal descent. ) 192 241 No.. 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 ( here is Nessumontus participation testifies that will help later Amenemhet I in consolidating his rule. ) 60 the inscriptions in the Wadi el- Hudi also lead to the second year.

Undetermined

More mentions can be found on a shell of el- Lisht dedicated to the mistress of Dendera and also bears the name of Amenemhet I.. It is speculated that Amenemhet I. took this dish at his relocation from Thebes to Iti - taui with. In contrast, argued that they were too fragile. The reference to Dendera says in this regard nothing as Amenemhet I. also pieces that are unique to the Fayyum, consecrated Hathor.

These excavations also tiles or tiles appeared. They were discovered when the foundation pits were dug at the corners of the pyramid of Amenemhet I.. The Egyptian workers came up with a tile fragment to Herbert Eustis Winlock. However, this could not decipher the words and gave it to William Christopher Hayes continues, who identified the name as the Mentuhotep. The tile is apparently covered with faience and the hieroglyphs seem to be inserted. The allocation to Mentuhotep IV remains speculation. All these objects were discovered by the team of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

In addition, some scarabs and seals are mentioned. One comes from Harageh at the entrance to Fayyum and is a Doppelskarabäus with an S- loop in a cartouche on one side and the name Neb -Re taui on the other side. Other pieces are performed by Hall and Petrie. These pieces tried to stick as contemporary and evidence referring to the ruler, as they show themselves stylistically and from the locality forth their time of belonging. Berman and Simpson join them not only at, but add, even two more pieces added, entrée for the " Objects from the King Fouad I poison " to the Egyptian Museum, Cairo, Journal d' Nos. 83670, 85232 ( ASAE, XLI (1942 ), 222) is cited as the source. At least part of them, however, is probably as Mottoskarabären labeled Re Lord of the two countries is to understand and dated to the New Kingdom. None of them is likely to be contemporary.

Eduard Meyer mentioned a fragment from Deir el Bahri, for which he cites Edouard Naville as the source.

King lists

In the lists of kings of Saqqara and Abydos Neb -Re taui is not mentioned; on Se -ankh -ka- Re follows immediately Amenemhet I. The King List of Karnak from the time of Thutmose III. followed by number 6: Neb - Re and hetep Number 7: Snefer -ka- Re point 8 a [ ... ] ta [ ... ]. This is commonly added to Neb taui -Re, although also could mean Se -ankh - ib- taui, because the board of Karnak is generally very inaccurate. At number 7 is a typo for Se -ankh -ka- Re would be possible.

Occupies are exclusively two years of the reign. Mostly this ruler are still five or seven attributed to "empty years " that are mentioned in the Turin Royal Canon. Here, too, is a mistake of the writer not be ruled out.

In Karnak but a fragment of another list of kings from the time of Amenhotep I. has surfaced on the between Se -ankh -ka- Re and Amenemhet I. a " God Father" Sesostris is inserted. This has given occasion in connection with the "empty " years at the Turin Papyrus to many speculations.

Possible anti-kings in Nubia

The unification was not yet firmly established. Especially in Nubia, there was resistance from some - probably local - kings, who also wrote their names in cartouches:

• Segerseni ( Menech -ka- Re ( throne name) )

History of Research

The first indications of Neb -Re taui brought James Burton Expedition by Carl Richard Lepsius mid-19th century could then find further inscriptions. The first inscriptions were discovered in the Wadi Hammamat and also published in the connection.

For the classification confusion Neb taui -Res made ​​in the series of Mentuhotep. Since he is not mentioned on the lists of kings, he was considered a predecessor of Neb - hetep -Re and Se -ankh -ka -Re. However, since he was able to recruit people from Menat - Khufu for his expedition, he had to unification by Neb -Re hetep have reigned. Only the identification of his vizier Amenemhat I Ameny with hath given the rash. By way of example shows the initial uncertainty in the various publications James Henry Breasteds. In his History of Egypt. (1905 ), he wrote the inscription with the Gazelle wonder Se -ankh -ka- Re, but already in his English translations and an essay he could clarify the situation.

By demonstrating that the inscription of Konosso was not Neb -Re taui award, the assessment of this king changed quite considerably. Initially we had thought of him as much as he was able to organize so many and great expeditions, then he was considered a weak king, who had been overthrown by his much more powerful vizier.

Murnane suspected due to the shell el- Lisht even a Core Ghent shaft with Amenemhet I.. But Berman has noted, this is contrary to the assumption Beckerath that Amenemhat I. had worn a different name at the beginning of his reign, as on the shell the usual form appears.

Winlock suspected that the move from Thebes to Iti - taui could have already taken place under Neb taui -Re.