Mercurino Gattinara
Marchese Mercurino Arborio di Gattinara (* June 10, 1465 at Castle Arborio, Gattinara at Vercelli in Piedmont probable; † June 5, 1530 in Innsbruck ) was an Italian jurist and statesman and Grand Chancellor of Emperor Charles V.
Origin
Gattinara came from an impoverished small noble family. He married Andreotta avocado since 1490. After studying law at the University of Turin, he worked as a lawyer in Savoy.
Career
His political career began as a legal advisor to the Duke Philibert II of Savoy ( 1480-1504 ). His second wife was since 1501 Margaret of Austria ( 1480-1530 ), the only legitimate daughter of the later Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg and godmother of the future Emperor Charles V Gattinara was their legal counsel, and went with her to her husband's death in the Netherlands. In particular, he took care of her Witwengut, the county Bresse. He was also the President of the Tribunal, 1508 in Dole, the seat of the Parliament of Franche -Comté. In between, he was again in the service of Margaret, who had become governor of the Netherlands and Maximilian I. appointed him as ambassador to the Spanish and the French court. Among other things, he worked on the Treaty of Cambrai 1508.
In 1511 he was defeated in a long-running dispute with the nobility of the Franche -Comté and had to give up his offices there. As a consultant Charles Wilhelm Chièvres died of Croy, Gattinara rose to become the most influential counselor of the king. In 1518 he was " grand chancellor of all countries and kingdoms ."
As a follower of the ideas of Erasmus of Rotterdam, he was an idealist but realistic strategies pursued. Gattinara led Charles V of his dynastic roots in Burgundy and at that time in Spain prevailing secular political theory towards a Christian- humanist view of the Kingdom. His idea of "universal monarchy " were in direct contrast to the then-emerging nation-state theories.
In his capacity as Chancellor, he urged Charles V. to build a dynastic empire with the ultimate goal of global domination ( " Dominium Mundi "). Gattinara represented a Christian imperialism on the basis of a united Christendom, with the aim of supplying the Protestants, the Turks, and the unbelievers in the New World of the Roman Catholic Church. His theory sought a compromise between the various Christian nations and the requirements to build an empire. This formed the basis of his actions rather medieval approaches was associated characteristics than the beginning of modern times. In numerous memoranda he submitted his views repeatedly Charles V and the other decision makers in the government.
Gattinara program seemed to be the only one that was available to satisfy the highly developed awareness reign of Charles V and also to fill the Empire in its ideological sense. It was due to a considerable extent Gattinara that the Spanish Empire under Charles V reached its maximum expansion, if there was the same first character of incipient decay. This was especially inside. Thus it was possible neither to equalize the different parts of the reign of Charles V. structurally, nor raise the necessary economic resources for the program. Ultimately led to the excessive politics in the bankruptcy.
1529 Gattinara was elevated to Cardinal and received the titular church of San Giovanni a Porta Latina assigned. He wrote an autobiography.
Works
- Carlo Bornate (ed.): Historia vite et gestorum by dominum magnum Cancellarium Mercurino Arborio di Gattinara. In: Miscellanea di storia italiana. 3rd Ser. Vol 17, 1915, pp. 231-585. [ Autobiography of Mercurino Arborio di Gattinara ]