Mesobatrachia

Spadefoot ( Pelobates fuscus )

Mesobatrachia - to German as " Mean Anura " or " Moderately developed Anura " - is a phylogenetically older subordination of Anura, which in turn belongs to the class of amphibians ( amphibian ). However, the formal separation of the suborder Archaeobatrachia is a fairly new proposal of 1993, which has not yet been traced in many surveys. With 187 species from six families, only about three percent of all Froschlurcharten be counted among the Mesobatrachia.

Features

The distinction between frogs and toads in "lower " ( Archaeobatrachia ), "medium " and in "higher" frogs ( Neobatrachia ) - which is not without controversy quite and with increasing knowledge rather uncertain is the clear because some putative differentiation factors as proven across groups - happening primarily by features of the anatomy, especially of the bone structure, as well as some externally visible characteristics and behaviors. Specifically, the following characteristics can be called at four superfamilies of Mesobatrachia:

Superfamilies Pelobatoidea ( toads frogs) and Pelodytoidea

The jaw bones are bezähnt; the shoulder belt is movable; there are eight procoel shaped, presacral vertebrae with overlapping neural arches; the lumbar vertebrae have butterfly -like transverse processes and are anchored firmly to the Urostyl ( tailbone ); the Praesacralia ( Eddy) I and II are not fused together. Ribs are not present; the skull roof is more ossified than in most other anurans. The pupils are oriented vertically slotted at light. The Amplexus by the male inguinal done so in the lumbar region; Bruns sealed Wielen are not present in them. The larvae exhibit and partially enlarged horn beaks a left-side breathing hole.

Superfamily Pipoidea - tongue loose

The highly customized to the water of life tongueless were formerly referred to as subordination Aglossa. They have five to eight ophistocoel shaped, so back hollowed vertebrae on. The tadpoles have initially floating ribs, but grown after metamorphosis with the transverse processes of the vertebrae. Some species have similar fishes via a lateral line organ. In the oral cavity, no tongue is present. The inguinal amplexus takes place. The larvae have paired spiracles.

Superfamily Rhinophrynoidea - nose toads

This only one type, the nose toad ( Rhinophrynus dorsalis), existing group was formerly with the Scheibenzünglern; : summarized ( Discoglossidae also compare Archaeobatrachia ) to the subordination Ophistocoela. Nose toads have front of the sacrum eight vortices, which are formed ophistocoel (back hollowed out ) and a movable chest belt.

Taxonomy of the suborder Mesobatrachia up to the genus level

( within the family in alphabetical order)

  • Superfamily Pelobatoidea - Toads Frogs Family Megophryidae Bonaparte, 1850 - Asian toads frogs Genus Borneophrys Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean & Ohler, 2006
  • Genus Brachytarsophrys Tian & Hu, 1983
  • Genus Leptobrachella Smith, 192
  • Genus Leptobrachium Tschudi, 1838
  • Genus Leptolalax Dubois, 1980
  • Genus Megophrys Kuhl & Hasselt, 1822 - corner of frogs
  • Genus Ophryophryne Boulenger, 1903
  • Genus Oreolalax Myers & Leviton, 1962
  • Genus Scutiger Theobald, 1868
  • Genus Vibrissaphora Liu, 1945
  • Genus Xenophrys Günther, 1864
  • Genus Pelobates Wagler, 1830 - European spadefoot
  • Superfamily Pelodytoidea Family Pelodytidae Bonaparte, 1850 - Mud Diver Genus Pelodytes Bonaparte, 1838 - Mud Diver
  • Genus Scaphiopus Holbrook, 1836
  • Genus Spea Cope, 1866
  • Superfamily Pipoidea - tongue loose Family Pipidae Gray, 1825 - Loose Tongue Genus Hymenochirus Boulenger, 1896 - African dwarf frogs
  • Genus Pipa Laurenti, 1768 - Surinam Toads
  • Genus Pseudhymenochirus Chabanaud, 1920
  • Genus Silurana Gray, 1864
  • Genus Xenopus Wagler, 1827 - Clawed Frogs
  • Superfamily Rhinophrynoidea - nose toads Family Rhinophrynidae Günther, 1859 - nose toads Genus Rhinophrynus Duméril & Bibron, 1841
Lissamphibia Parsley frog
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