Microexpression

Micro expressions, also called micro facial expressions, are fleeting facial expressions that last fraction of a second. They are mostly an expression of the seven universal emotions of disgust, anger, fear, sadness, joy, surprise, and contempt described.

Micro- expressions can be willfully difficult suppressed. People who are good observers can unmask a liar based on micro- expressions - also can be slow-motion shots of the face use. According to brain researcher Wolf Singer, people who are trained in meditation, recognize micro expressions very well.

History of Exploration

Micro expressions were first described by Haggard and Isaacs. In their study from 1966 Haggard and Isaacs resulted from how they discovered these " micro moments " of expression, while they " crawled films of psychotherapy sessions, looking for signs of non-verbal communication between patient and psychotherapist. "

In the 1960s, William S. Condon pioneered in the study of interactions. In his one and a half year research project, he examined a four and a half seconds short film frame by frame. In this way he identizifizerte interactional micro-movements. So he described, for example, the pattern in which a woman moves her shoulder while her husband moved his hand on her, and took these combined results in micro- rhythms together.

Years after the Condon study of American psychologist John Gottman began using video - recording of loving couples to explore how they interact. Gottman was able to meet through the study of facial expressions of the participants predict whether a relationship would continue or not. Gottman's Paper from 2002 makes no claim to accuracy in terms of binary classification (relationship remains or not remains), but is instead a regression analysis of a two-factor model in which the skin conductivity and the coding of the oral narratives are the only two statistically significant variables.

Very well known and commonly used for facial expression analysis is the first time in 1976 by ​​Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen published encoding scheme FACS.

Wizards Project

Most people seem to be able to detect micro- expressions, neither in itself nor in others. The Wizards Project, previously Diogenes Project, Paul Ekman and Maureen O'Sullivan studied for the first time in 2006, the ability of people to deceive. Of the thousands of people tested were very few able to accurately determine when someone is lying. The Wizards Project researchers called these people " Truth Wizards " ( engl. Truth Wizards ). To date, the project wizard has about 50 people identified with this ability after the test ( nearly 20,000 people ). The " truth wizards " use, among many other clues, micro expressions to determine whether someone is truthful. Scientists hope by studying these people to be able to identify techniques for detecting deception.

Others

• The American television series Lie to Me is about a team of deception experts who can lead by micro expressions liar.