Microphone#Unidirectional

The directional microphone is a microphone type, the primary receives the frontal arriving sound and thus has a directional characteristic. Noise from other directions is attenuated more strongly converted into electrical signals.

Exceptions

Since only pressure microphone or microphones zweimembranige in a given overlay mode have an omnidirectional one can call the broad majority of microphones as directional microphones. Directional characteristic models are:

• The width kidney, kidney, supercardioid, hypercardioid, the Eight and the mace.

The latter can be found at shotgun microphone, whose key element is the interference tube.

All directional microphones are pressure gradient.

Application

Directional microphones with low sensitivity for the sound outside the Einsprechrichtung are a means to improve speech intelligibility in noisy environments. Even in a certain distance from the sound source to be transmitted like the shielding remain. Shotgun microphones make it possible to filter out individual signal sources at a distance. This effectiveness of the radiation pattern is frequently overestimated. For this purpose, these microphones have mostly long tubes sound with several sound entry openings.

Nevertheless, it remains the best way to increase the intelligibility of speech when the speaker a shorter distance to the microphone complies, as also decreases with directional microphones with the distance from the sound source, the effectiveness of the directional characteristic. Sound interference that may occur in the close-talking microphones (so-called Poppen ), are avoided with a windscreen ( pop filter ).