Miguel Trovoada

Miguel dos Anjos da Cunha Lisboa Trovoada (* December 27, 1936 in São Tomé ) was prime minister ( 1975-1979 ) and president ( 1991-2001 ) of São Tomé and Príncipe.

Before independence

Trovoada was born in São Tomé, the capital of the then belonging to Portugal archipelago. He walked for a while in the also Portuguese Angola to school and then studied law at the University of Lisbon.

In 1960, he was beside Manuel Pinto da Costa, co-founder of the independence movement CLSTP, which was renamed in Movimento de São Tomé e Príncipe de Libertação ( MLSTP ) 1972. In the organization 's headquarters in Gabon in 1975 he was in charge from 1961 until the independence of the country for their foreign policy. In 1972 he achieved the recognition of movement by the Organization of African Unity.

Prime minister

With independence on July 12, 1975 Manuel Pinto da Costa 's first president and Miguel Trovoada became prime minister. The MLSTP was the single party in the country. The ratio between the two cooled rapidly and in March 1979 the Office of the Prime Minister was abolished. A few months later he was accused of conspiracy against the government before and he was imprisoned for the next 21 months in detention without formulated accusation. After his release ( without trial ), he went into exile in Paris.

President

1989/1990 changed the MLSTP their course and introduced democracy. After the introduction of a new constitution Trovoada returned from exile and applied as a non-party candidate for the office of President. President da Costa decided not to run again and the former single party, which was renamed in MLSTP - PSD, presented no own candidate. Following the withdrawal of two other candidates, he was elected on March 3, 1991 as the only candidate with 81 % of the vote and took office on April 3, 1991.

The former Unity Party was in the parliamentary elections in October 1994 under the name MLSTP - PSD again strongest party. Towards the end of his first term, he founded the Ação Democrática Independente ( "Independent Democratic Action "). On August 15, 1995, he was and da Graça after nationwide riots toppled the government of Prime Minister Carlos in a coup in a small group of soldiers. Six days later the coup attempt was ended by negotiation.

On July 21, 1996, he was re-elected with 52.7 % of the votes in the second ballot as president. His main rival was his predecessor, who had been lying in the first round just behind him.

In his ten-year presidency, he had seven prime ministers. Problems of his tenure were the poor economic situation, rapidly changing governments and frequent conflicts with the MLSTP - PSD, which had reached the absolute majority in the parliamentary elections in November 1998. On 3 September 2001 his second term and Fradique de Menezes ended was his successor, in the second round turn Manuel Pinto da Costa had faced.

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