Misak-ı Millî

The Misak -ı Millî originally Ahd -ı Millî Beyannamesi ( dt: The National Pact or Nationaleid ) was the political manifesto of the Turkish independence movement after the First World War. It consisted of six major decisions that had been developed at the congresses of Erzurum and Sivas and decided.

Conclusion of the Misak -ı Millî

In accordance with the decisions of the Congress of Sivas, the Ottoman government announced on September 30, 1919 elections. In the elections for the Ottoman Parliament in October the candidates of the " Association for Defense of Rights" won ( Müdafaa -i Hukuk Cemiyeti ), which were set up by the national forces. The new members were then together with Mustafa Kemal and his representative committee ( heyet -i Temsiliye ). The contents of the Misak -ı Millî was fixed and then sent to Istanbul.

On January 12, 1920 When Parliament began its work, the Misak -ı Millî was placed on the agenda. The Ottoman Interior Minister Damad Serif Pasha took over because of the illness of Mehmed VI. the opening speech. In a secret meeting of 28 January, on the non- attended by all members, the Misak -ı Millî was adopted and presented to the parliaments of other countries on 12 February.

Mustafa Kemal said that it was " the iron fist of the nation, who wrote the Nationaleid and made ​​it the main principle of our independence in the annals of history."

Basically, this pact drew the boundaries of the new Turkish State. This should therefore include the present-day Turkey, Thrace, the Vilayet of Mosul Vilayet of Aleppo and Batum. In the former Arab provinces should be avoided. The Misak -ı Millî also includes for the first time the principle of the indivisibility of the Turkish nation. The decisions made by this Parliament was the basis for the claims of the Republic of Turkey in the Treaty of Lausanne. A few months after the completion of this contract took place in October 1923, the proclamation of the new republic.

Content

The contents of the Misak -ı Millî:

Differences

Between the Misak -ı Milli, which was prepared in Ankara and the Misak -ı Milli, which was adopted by the Ottoman Parliament, there are differences. In Ankara, there was a declaration of eight points, while there were only six in Istanbul. Two points were combined. There are also differences in the prosecution of war criminals and a point with respect to the League of Nations.

The most important difference concerns the indivisibility of the nation. Ankara took the view that those areas that were not occupied at the time of the Armistice of Mudros and Ottoman Muslim majority harbored, are indivisible. In contrast, Istanbul extended this also to those occupied territories with Muslim Ottoman majority. So there are various publications of the Misak -ı Millî with both formulations.