Missa (Bach)

When Johann Sebastian Bach's Lutheran exhibitions or fairs Small referred to his four Kyrie - Gloria - Measure in F major, A major, G minor and G major, BWV 233 to 236 you add sound to the Kyrie and Gloria of the Latin Mass and are therefore also called Missa brevis. At the same genus also includes the exhibition of Kyrie and Gloria, Bach composed in 1733 and which he extended to the B Minor Mass later.

General

The complete soundtrack of all parts of the Mass ( " Missa tota ") consists of five parts: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Benedictus and Hosanna with and Agnus Dei. (Plural: Missae Breves ) In contrast, the composition of the Kyrie and Gloria as " Missa brevis " and is in the Protestant church music, also referred to as " Lutheran Mass". A unified German trade fair could not prevail in Protestantism; neither the language nor the exact scope was set.

The name " Lutheran Measure " is based on the one of these Protestant tradition, preferably set to music Kyrie and Gloria. Kyrie - Gloria - fairs were in the 18th century " in Italy and in Germany quite common " and were " plainchant or silent brought to an end ". In the Protestant church music quite early a restriction on the setting of the Kyrie and Gloria recorded. On the other hand brings the name to express that Bach's Latin mass compositions for the Lutheran service have been devised. Bach researcher Christoph Wolff According to the Bach composed the Figuralmessen for high holy days in the Leipzig church services, possibly for the Protestant Hofgottesdienst in Dresden. Especially since the Urtext edition of the New Bach Edition, the scientific standard edition of Johann Sebastian Bach Institute, Göttingen, and the Bach-Archiv Leipzig, the name " Lutheran measuring" in musicology and CD recordings almost become synonymous with Bach Latin Masses BWV 233-236 become: " as for the Protestant fair, which only consists of the two parts of the Kyrie and Gloria, a binding term is missing, has - the term - both in German and in English usage " Lutheran naturalized ". "

The term " Lutheran Measure" can be misleading, as it is in Latin compositions in Bach's works. Secondly, during Bach's Leipzig cantor in other parts of the Ordinary were sung as the credo. As an alternative, hence the designation " Kyrie - Gloria - Measure" was proposed by Konrad Küster, indicating the scope of the descriptive fairs. " Missa brevis " appears less suitable for Bach's compositions, because under our Catholic tradition generally short settings of the Ordinary of full Missae be understood, "instead of, as here, very detailed setting only the Kyrie and the Gloria, the one in the Lutheran area also referred to as " Missae " (hence the title so the 4 Measure ) ".

The Lutheran fairs are probably a few years after the Missa for the court to Dresden ( 1733), later Kyrie and Gloria of the B minor Mass, emerged and are currently dated no later than 1738/39. Arnold Schering represented the applicable today as outdated thesis that Count Franz Anton Špork the principal of Bach's Latin Masses was and they were given by this in Bohemia.

The Kyrie is in this short measuring each einsätziger a three-part choral writing, the Gloria text, however, is divided into five sets, with choral movements at the beginning and end and interposed therebetween solo arias. The total duration corresponds approximately to the average cantata - that suggests the practical use in worship.

Similar to the B Minor Mass made ​​the little measuring almost exclusively of parodies, so revisions of existing choruses and arias. The cantatas relied mainly come from Bach's time in Leipzig. These new versions of the vocal score games were necessary to replace the original German cantata text by Latin prose.

This work can be interpreted as evidence of Bach's efforts in his later years to make works that appeared to him particularly valuable in a lifted out of time context.

The individual measuring

Mass in F major BWV 233

Exhibition A Major BWV 234

Mass in G minor BWV 235

Mass in G major BWV 236

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