Mitte (locality)

• Coelln ( Spree Island )
• Old Berlin
• Friedrichswerder
• New Coelln
• Dorotheenstadt
• Friedrichstadt
• Luisenstadt
• Stralauer suburb
• King city
• Spandau suburb
• Friedrich- Wilhelm -Stadt
• Oranienburger suburb
• Rosenthaler suburb

Center is a district of Berlin in the homonymous district and includes part of the historic districts of Berlin. In it, the eastern center of the German capital, with the former city centers of Alt- Berlin and Colin, the Brandenburg Gate, Unter den Linden, the Humboldt University, the Museum Island and the television tower. There are numerous federal facilities, the Berlin Senate in the Red City Hall and the House of Representatives of Berlin in the Prussian Landtag, and numerous embassies in middle.

Until the administrative reform in 2001, the district was a separate district. This district center was merged with the districts of Tiergarten and Wedding to new Mitte district of Berlin.

The place name middle is always used without the article, that " I live in the middle. ", " We're going to the middle. ". In common usage, so the district center not the new, created by merger district is mostly meant middle.

Location

The district was formed in 1920 as a district center. It comprises the core area of old Berlin. The borders are usually transverse to the historic districts. Only the western boundary coincides with the path of the old customs wall; there is with the Brandenburg Gate, the toll gate to the west towards the town of Brandenburg. Some place names, which indicate additional gates in the tariff wall, there are now in neighboring districts, such as the Kottbusser Gate and the Frankfurter Tor located in Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain.

Structure

The district center is divided today into a series of informal local records, which go back to the former twin cities of Berlin- Coelln and their suburbs. Some of the local copy are not limited to Berlin -Mitte, but extend also to neighboring districts.

History

The old Berlin came to a fork in the river Spree, so that a shallow ford with many sandbars took shape. Set on an elevated sandbar in the middle of the Spree, the first fishermen settled ( called Fisherman's Island on the Spree Island of Berlin) and it formed a market town out - the whey market was also the Roland von Berlin (today over on the other side of the Spree at the Mark Brandenburg Museum ).

The two Spree arms are strong today remodels, is on the island today in the north, the Museum Island. In the center of the Berlin City Palace were earlier ( blown up in 1950 and demolished ) and in the same location since 1976, the Palace of the Republic, its demolition was completed in 2009. The south building of the residential area fishing island. On the east bank of the Spree spreads today a great place with the TV tower towards the Alexanderplatz. Just a stone 's throw from the fishing island and the whey market is the Red City Hall and the Nikolai Quarter with the oldest church in Berlin.

District Mayor 1920-2000

Subsequently, the mayor of midway between the establishment of Greater Berlin in 1920 and the administrative reform of 2001. During this period, the current district center was a district with the same extension.

• Fritz Schneider ( SPD), 1921-1930
• Gordan ( party affiliation unknown), 1931 to February 1933
• Werner Steinhoff ( DNVP ), March 1933
• William Lach ( NSDAP ) from April 1933 to July 1935
• Otto Born ( NSDAP ) from August 1935 to September 1936
• Walter heritage ( NSDAP ) from October 1936 to April 1940
• Walter Brümmel (NSDAP ) from May 1940 to April 1942
• Gerhard Brümel (NSDAP ) from May 1942 to April 1945
• William Friday ( SPD), May 1945
• Willi Kohl ( KPD / SED), from May 1945 to August 1946
• Paul Letsch (SED ), from August 1946 to October 1946
• Erich Bab (SED ), from December 1946 to December 1948
• Wilhelm Thiele (SED ), from December 1948 to September 1956
• Kurt Goldberg ( SED), from September 1956 to September 1976
• Horst Kreuter (SED ), from September 1976 to May 1984
• Gottfried Grosch Forest ( SED), from May 1984 to November 1989
• Ulrich Fahl (CDU ), from November 1989 to June 1990
• Benno Hasse (independent / Alliance 90 ), June 1990-May 1992
• Gerhard Keil (SPD ), from May 1992 to December 1996
• Joachim Zeller ( CDU), from December 1996 to December 2000

Population

The district center has 85,295 inhabitants ( as of December 31, 2013), making it the second most populous district of Mitte. Its average age is between 40 and 42 years. The proportion of the foreign population in the district is 18.3 %, the proportion of the population with a migration background at 28.5 %.

Attractions

As visible from afar her landmark is the Berlin TV tower near Alexanderplatz, the center of Berlin-Mitte is, at the foot of the Red City Hall stands. Starting with the castle bridge are located on the boulevard Unter den Linden numerous buildings: The Crown Prince's Palace, the State Opera, the New Guard and the Humboldt University. The Brandenburg Gate on Pariser Platz forms the boundary to the Tiergarten. On the Museum Island is historic nucleus of Berlin's museum landscape and the following museums: Old National Gallery, Pergamon Museum, Altes Museum, Bode Museum and the New Museum. Other important museums are in the middle of the German Historical Museum in the armory, the Museum of Natural History and the Museum märkische.

As significant buildings are on the Gendarmenmarkt, the German and the French Cathedral. In the area of ​​Friedrichstrasse and Oranienburger Straße to find the Friedrichstadt Palace and the New Synagogue and the Hackescher Markt.

As religious buildings are the following known: Berliner Dom, Evangelical Lutheran Church in Berlin, French Friedrichstadtkirche, Friedrichswerdersche church ( now used as Schinkel Museum ), St. Nicholas Church, St. Hedwig's Cathedral, St. Mary's Church and Zion Church.

The following theaters are located in the middle: the Berliner Ensemble, the German theater ( with Kammerspielen ), the Volksbühne, the Komische Oper Berlin, the Konzerthaus Berlin ( formerly known as " Schauspielhaus " ), the vaudeville theater chameleon in the Hackescher Markt, the cabaret, the thistle and the Maxim-Gorki-Theater/Sing-Akademie, the theater Berlin Mitte as a central production and communication for free performing arts, the Little theater in Berlin -Mitte and the Theaterdiscounter. About Regional Media and Theatre Festival is the annual Neuro Polis.

Moreover, in mid has other noteworthy buildings and facilities: The St. Hedwig Hospital in 1846, the Charité, the Dorotheenstädtischer and the Jewish cemetery, the Nikolai Quarter, and the barn area.

→ See also: List of cultural monuments in Berlin-Mitte

Traffic

Train

In East-West direction, the 1882 completed the Berlin Stadtbahn runs on brick viaduct arches and bridges through the city center. Regional stations are Alexanderplatz and Friedrichstraße. Until 1990 the station was Friedrichstrasse border station between East and West Berlin. The trains from the East and West network ended on separate platforms, all long-distance trains stopped here and were controlled. The trains of the underground North-South S -Bahn stopped at the underground station and to switch to passengers from West Berlin U -Bahn line U6 and the S-Bahn to the west. For East Berliners and GDR citizens of this platform and also the metro station was not available.

Since the turn of the S -Bahn trains run continuously back and on all 1961-1990 closed stations keep the S-Bahn and U -Bahn trains again. Besides the north-south subway line U6 (Tegel -Marie village), on line U8 under the Alexanderplatz, also of the U5 (after Honow ) and U2 ( Ruhleben -Pankow ) is operated. The U2 underground line, in addition to the U3 the supposedly most beautiful subway stations in Berlin, which opened in 1908 and 1913 respectively. The short underground line U55 from Central Station to S U -Bahn station Brandenburger Tor opened in 2009 and has now come to no connection to the rest of the subway system. It was not until 2019 they should be extended to Alexanderplatz and then combined with the U5.

On the west bank of the Spree is the armory from which the road extends Unter den Linden with many magnificent buildings on Pariser Platz and the Brandenburg Gate. A little further south stretches from Molkenmarkt Leipziger Strasse Potsdamer Platz. North of the Spree Island, the Oranienburger Straße from the Hackescher Markt extends to the Oranienburger Tor. There Friedrichstrasse, which runs south through the entire district begins.

→ See also: List of streets and squares in Berlin-Mitte