Mocidade Portuguesa
The Mocidade Portuguesa ( Portuguese for: Portuguese Youth ), the youth organization of the Estado Novo regime in Portugal.
History
1936 - 1945
The fascist - friendly, established in 1932 Estado Novo regime of the incumbent since 1928, Finance Minister Salazar in 1936, two typical fascist mass organizations that were included with some enthusiasm, and the regime enshrined in the population. In addition to the Legião Portuguesa, a volunteer corps for the protection of the regime, this was the Mocidade Portuguesa, a paramilitary youth organization, staggered in adolescents by age forcibly members were. However, the new organizations also provoked violent backlash, including a temporary ( January 1934 ) successful, revolutionary trains carrying general strike of the workers, and a military revolt radical right-wing and monarchist elements, which was foiled by the police.
After the introduction of Mocidade Portuguesa 1936 for boys it was introduced in 1938 for girls, and in 1939 extended to the Portuguese colonies. She was inspired by Mussolini's Balilla was established in 1926 and the Hitler Youth, differed despite contacts with them but ideologically and structurally. So the Mocidade Portuguesa association aspects of teaching Baden- Powell Scouts with political and religious instruction. External signs of Mocidade were their uniform of green shirts and the Roman salute, to their own anthem, the inner hierarchy and its own terminology.
She was for children at least 7 to 14 years of duty. For their male members of a volunteer militia within the Mocidade was for the age group 17-20 years also created, which acted as the armed wing of the organization, and membership with benefits combined, about crediting of time on conscription. The Head of male Mocidade were military in general, while the female part was mostly led by teachers loyal to the regime of the secondary education sector.
1945 - 1974
After the end of the Second World War in 1945 the Mocidade Portuguesa was increasingly overtaken by the zeitgeist. The growing criticism of the regime met with a partial reorientation about new tasks in the student organization, and also the member of duty was only 11-14 years. However, the measures did not show any results. So, for example, failed to promote the official youth centers within universities completely, and spurred the growing protest of getting massive freedom and democracy einfordenden students from 1960 even.
As a result, the Mocidade Portuguesa was always less rooted in the population and lost all meaning. So she was, just like the Legião Portuguesa, disbanded immediately and without resistance in the population during the Carnation Revolution in 1974.