Monimiaceae

Boldo ( Peumus boldus )

The Monimiengewächse ( Monimiaceae ) are a family of plants in the order of the laurel -like ( Laurales ). Some species (for example, Hedycarya and Peumus ) are ornamental plants, leaves and edible fruits Peumus supplies and many other types of wood used.

  • 2.1 dissemination
  • 2.2 systematics
  • 4.1 Notes and references
  • 4.2 Further Reading

Description

Vegetative characteristics

They are evergreen, woody plants: either shrubs, small trees or vines. It is a superfiziales cork cambium present. Many species are resinous. The branches are often flattened somewhat below the geschwollenden Nodien.

The oppositely arranged leaves are constantly stalked, leathery and easy. The leaf edges are usually cut with widely spaced teeth. On the underside of leaves, the leaf veins are remarkably clear; they unite near the leaf edge. The stomata are usually paracytisch. Often the leaves contain essential oils, so they smell. Stipules absent.

Generative features

The flowers appear singly or in zymösen inflorescences. The hermaphrodite flowers are usually built either spirally or in whorls and radial symmetry. If the flowers are unisexual, then the species monoecious ( monoecious ) or dioecious ( dioecious ) can be. The three to 50 bracts are either clearly divided into sepals and petals or they go gradually from the sepal -like to the kronblattartigen over. Most many (10 to 150) stamens are present, which are mutually free and not fused with the bloom cladding. There are rarely only one carpel, but usually three to one hundred free upper permanent to semi- permanent under carpels present. Each carpel contains an ovule in the apical placentation. Pure female flowers may contain staminodes. The flowers have thus taken as a whole relative to its original features.

It is a well-developed, fleshy flower cup ( hypanthium ) and / or an eye-catching floral axis ( receptaculum ) available, of which the one-seeded drupe is often wrapped and ready irregular jumps on. The seeds have an oily endosperm and a straight, chlorophyll -less embryo.

Distribution and systematics

Dissemination

Their distribution is tropical with a focus on eastern Australia to Southeast Asia. Fossils, which are expected to Monimiaceae, there are from the Campanian ( Campanian ) of the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica. Malaysia's is the center of diversity with ten genera and about 84 species. In New Guinea seven genera occur in the species. In Australia, eight genera are home to about 26 species. In the Neotropics, there are five to six genera with about 30 species. In Madagascar and the Mascarene three genera occur with about 63 species. In New Caledonia, two genera occur with about ten species. In tropical Africa, there is only the monotypic genus Xymalos while on Réunion and Mauritius only the monotypic genus Monimia occurs.

System

The Monimiaceae family was first published in 1809 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in Annales du Muséum National d' Histoire Naturelle, 14, p 133. Type genus is Monimia Thouars. A synonym for Monimiaceae Juss. is Hortoniaceae ACSM ... The former monotypic genus Kairoa now contains three species, with the former monotypic genus Faika was synonymous ( Renner & Takeuchi 2009).

To the family of Monimiengewächse ( Monimiaceae ) includes 22 to 30 genera with about 200 species:

  • Austromatthaea L.S. Sm: The only kind: Austromatthaea elegans L.S. Sm: The home is Australia.
  • Grazielanthus arkeocarpus Peixoto & Per - Moura: The home is the Brazilian Atlantic coastal forest.
  • Hennecartia omphalandra J. Poiss. It is widespread in the Neotropics.
  • Kairoa endressiana W.N. Takeuchi & S. S. Renner: This 2009 new bebeschriebene type is the type site ( "upper Strickland Basin ", 05 ° 17.260 ' S, 142 ° 29.995 ' E, at an altitude of 1140 meters in the tropical karst in the Southern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea) known.
  • Kairoa suberosa Philipson
  • Kairoa villosa ( Kaneh. & Hatus. ) S. S. Renner & W.N. Takeuchi ( Syn: Faika villosa ( Kaneh. & Hatus ) Philipson. ):
  • Kibaropsis caledonica ( Guillaumin ) Jérémie: The home is New Caledonia.
  • Macrotorus utriculatus Perkins: The home is the Brazilian Atlantic coastal forest.
  • Monimia amplexicaulis Lorence: It occurs only in Réunion and Mauritius.
  • Parakibara clavigera Philipson: The home of the Moluccas.
  • Boldo ( Peumus boldus Molina ), it has to be for medicinal purposes edible fruits and their leaves or used as tea. In the tropics it is also an ornamental plant.
  • Xymalos monospora ( Harv. ) Baill. They occur in tropical Africa and the capensis.

Ingredients

Some species are used for extraction of essential oils for the pharmaceutical and perfume industry. The leaves of Boldo ( Peumus boldo ) are also used as a remedy or as a tea, the bark is also used for tanning.

Swell

  • The Monimiaceae in APWebsite family. (Section Description and systematics)
  • The Monimiaceae at DELTA by L. Watson & MJ Dallwitz family. ( Description section )
  • David John Mabberley: The Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of the higher plants. Cambridge University Press 1987. ISBN 0-521-34060-8
Liana Malesia Mascarene Islands New Zealand Maluku Islands Digital Object Identifier Agricultural Research Service
579589
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