Monocular

Monocular with an optical instrument is referred to, which is designed for looking at an object by means of a single eye. The counterpart to the binocular. The term is derived from the adjective monocular (from Greek monos for "on" and the Latin oculus for " eye"), which refers to the monocular vision ( seeing with only one eye ).

Overview monocular optical instruments

The monoculars include both optical instruments used for remote monitoring, as well as those that serve to close observation work achieved. The remote monitoring serve the terrestrial and astronomical telescopes and reflecting telescopes, theodolites, one-eyed binoculars ( " monocular " in the strict sense ) and spotting scopes. For the high-magnification close observation work achieved the traditional light microscopes are used with monocular insight. In addition, the principle of observation and measurement of the monocular is in use many special instruments, such as refractometers.

Monocular Binoculars

PREPARATION AND USE

Soon after patenting the Porro prisms (1854 ) were monocular binoculars ( " monocular " in the narrow sense ) developed, but gained no widespread use, as they grew in the binocular field glasses from about 1900 competition. They were then true again and again as "half" 6 × 30 - offered and 8 × 30 binoculars, because their production cost only about 30 to 50 % of a similar binocular binoculars. After a period of rather lower production and demand they be strengthened since the 1990s, and again built in numerous versions, to be used as a space -, weight - and money-saving binoculars versions as well as in special devices. However, a disadvantage is the little relaxed look through, which can lead to rapid fatigue (compare possible countermeasures in " monocular vision" ). They are also due to their construction usually side light sensitive and have a rather low view at. Most likely, they are therefore situations where everything needs to be only briefly looked at a stationary target (eg for locating or for detecting a distant object, the golf - playing, when surveying or for laser distance measurement).

Optical characteristics and structure of the optical system

The gist of the optical properties and parameters such as magnification number, brightness, distance setting, types of glass and compensation, and for the construction of the different optical systems, the same applies as for binocular binoculars ( binoculars ), so please refer to the information given there is (cf.. binoculars).

Product Overview

Today's construction methods and remuneration of the optics are very different, which also significant differences for the use and result in price. Some companies build in the Porro system (eg in the MINOX Macroscope MS 8 × 25), but most in gradsichtigen roof prism system. The most common glass sizes are 3 × 12-10 × 25 or 6 × 30 The field of view of the current models varies from about 96 m (eg Tasco 10 × 25 Camo ) and 200 m (eg Zeiss 3 × 12) at 1000 m distance. The close focus is often by 0.6 to 4 m, but occasionally also at 0.35 m ( Minox Macroscope ) or even 0.2 m (Zeiss 3 x 12). In part, the depth of field is only slightly educated about what a very precise focusing required ( Minox Macroscope ), in part, the devices are set as a fixed-focus systems that require a focus nor allow ( Eschenbach 4 × 13, sharply 2 m). In the latter case, the accommodation ability of the eye of the observing person decides strong as sharp can see them through the device. Some of the devices are optically designed so that they can be used ( with, however, quite small neck and shallow depth of field ) with inverse look through a magnifying glass.

Some devices are now available with zoom (eg Luger MZ 5-15 × 17).

The weight of all these small optical instruments is between about 45 g ( Zeiss 4 × 12 T ) and about 212 g ( Luger Monocular MD 6 × 30).

There are also Monocular with higher magnification, which represent a transition in the range of spotting scopes. While some of them can be held privately at a pinch even tentatively (eg Leupold Golden Ring 10-20 × 40 mm Compact with straight viewing, 447 ), this is not always possible with other (eg mobile Vixen Eye 15 × 50 with oblique viewing, 250 g weight). You need at least a one-legged, better a tripod or other stable surface ( if necessary even a car roof).

Laser rangefinder, the various observations and measurements on the mainland are used on the water (eg, hunting, golf, architectural measurements) or are based in the optical part also often on the principle of monocular and zoom often by 6-8 times. Also many night vision devices based on the principle of Monocular, but are usually for only a slight enlargement of 2 - to 3 -fold designed.

Monocular perception and vision

The general meaning of monocular vision and perception is both relevant in ophthalmology, on the other hand, in numerous technical and scientific papers. Especially on instruments such as meter-reading microscope and terrestrial and astronomical telescope monocular vision is the dominant visual observation technique. However, can occur with prolonged monocular observing fatigue of the eye, and general exhaustion. To prevent this, some rules for relaxation can be observed, for example:

• Keeping open the " uninvolved " eye (such as when surveying with a theodolite (angle measuring instrument with a scope ) or the light microscope )
• Wearing an eye patch (often for amateur astronomers and marksmen recommended)
• Frequent, conscious blinking, gentle massage of the face palming.