Montage (filmmaking)

In the cinema industry is meant by film montage (or straightening) the proper bonding ( " sticking" ) of the individual file a copy of the film by the projectionist when this ( ie without transition ) is to be presented continuously afterwards. The reverse process is referred to as disassembly or disconnection.

Procedure

A 100 -minute film ( 35mm copy, net 2 736 m long) is the classic rental in five parts brought (called files) as a roller in one or two transport boxes for shipping and weighs about 25 to 30 kg. An act is about 600 meters long, which corresponds to about 18 minutes of run time.

The separately packaged and labeled file must first be examined for visible transport damage and for completeness to "false " Aktwechsel - so any missing or swapped parts - to be avoided.

Until the late 1960s, the acts were mostly with two film projectors presented separately in the exchange and " blended " at the end. To make this easier, or to make unnecessary, larger coils were used initially, which could take two or more acts. For whole movie is a coil with about 1.2 meters in diameter required.

The individual acts are usually taken from the packaging cartons and sequentially rolled up on a so-called inspection table or Spulteller from and to the large coil. In this case, any damage to the film material are visible, even the material rolled up the wrong way be ( would a mirror-image projection, which would quickly recognized, because then the sound track is visible in the image and there is no sound for the film ) or the end is outside - then must be rewound before further processing only. For old and often acted film copies of the perforation must also be checked, as missing perforations or torn films can lead to a crack in the film projector. To this end, keeps you on the inspection table running film gently ( so you do not cut ) between the thumb and forefinger. Missing or jagged perforation can be recognized, damaged areas are then cut and glued together the film again. Such repairs and missing parts of the film can be seen in old movies, for example, to jerky movements of the actors and interruptions of the soundtrack. Since when projecting the unwinding at the end of running very fast, there, the footage is more stressed and often scratched, resulting in often played copies to the flickering of the image.

When cutting and re- gluing of the film ( to combine with defective areas or to file) must be taken exactly that no incomplete squad ( still pictures) with less than the usual perforations occur per frame. Otherwise, " displacer " arise in which not the individual images, but the opaque " splitter bar " is projected between frames. The viewer sees above the separator line the bottom of the frames (as current film ) and below the separator line the upper part of the frames (as current film). Previously at each screening an usher ( ushers, ticket-collector ) was present and reported such a projection error by bell at the projectionist, who could bring the displacer by manual adjustment of the crop to disappear. Sound error (different levels of the trailer with each other or to the main movie ) resolved the usher himself by setting the volume to a controller. Nowadays sensors detect whether parts of the image section remain permanently unchanged, and fix offsetter automated. This allows the ticket- change in large cinemas next film release and there is less staff required. Digital film making film montages nowadays all superfluous and offsetter also no longer occur.

At the beginning of the ( color-coded ) end belt of the first act, this is cropped and stored safely for later disassembly in carton or can. The ( different color-coded ) Home tape of the second act is to its end - the simultaneous beginning of the first scene of act two - well cut and well laid aside carefully. The end of Act One and the beginning of Act Two are now carefully and without " displacer " adhered to each other and provided with a conspicuous marking to find this interface without any trouble later. A handicap with the projector run must be excluded; also needs none of it seen by the audience. It is usual a one-sided low projecting colored and about five inches long tape.

Also, the second and all subsequent acts shall be treated sequentially so. Will not the whole assembly routinely perform backward and start instead with the beginning of the first act with the end of the last act is, a rewinding is still required before the next show.

Purpose

In addition to steady attention to not miss a Aktwechsel, even rewinding is not gentle on materials and also consuming time. Rewind 3 km movie may take several minutes. So they were looking for ways to get from the coil running away, and found a solution, as can be led out of the middle of such a role without rewinding the film leader and the next demonstration could begin without much delay.

If you turn in thought a upstanding film coil 90 degrees and place them flat as a plate down, you can do without the a coil cover page. The coil core is designed removable and you've got the control operation. With appropriate Nachführelektronik the donor plate is being rotated so fast for unwinding, such as film strip passes through the projector - and wound up on a second receiving with separate control.

Especially for continuous operation, even an infinite loop is possible. So also removes the respective Neueinfädeln before each performance for automatic operation. Unwinding and winding takes place on the same plate, and the entire film is glued together to form an endless strip.