Montes Claros

Federal State

Montes Claros [' montis ' klarus ] (Portuguese for light mountains) is a city in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. In 2010 lived in Montes Claros 361 915 people on 3594.1 square kilometers. The city is an important economic, industrial and cultural center and transportation hub in the state.

2.1 origin
2.2 Vila de Montes Claros de Formigas
2.3 creation and development of Montes Claros

3.1 Population development
3.2 Religion

4.1 City government
4.2 Coat of Arms, Flag and Anthem

5.1 theater
5.2 The film
5.3 Structures
5.4 Nature
5.5 Sports
5.6 Regular events

6.1 Economics
6.2 traffic
6.3 Media
6.4 Education

Geography

Geographical location

Montes Claros is located in eastern Brazil and is about 600 kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean. The city is located about 418 kilometers north of the capital of the state of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte and 694 kilometers east of the provincial capital Brasília.

Montes Claros is located in Brazilian mountains and at the foot of the Serra do Espinhaço, an average of 655.21 meters above sea level. The city region has an area of 3594.1 square kilometers. The city area is only 38.7 square kilometers in size, while the remaining 3555.4 square kilometers are more rural area.

Geology

The soil in Montes Claros consists largely of silt, shale and limestone. In addition, you can still find before phyllite, calcite, galena, iron ore, potassium nitrate, quartz and alluvial gold. Overall, the area is very uneven: 60 percent of the urban area is slightly hilly, 10 percent are mountainous and only the remaining 30 percent are flat areas. The highest point is the Morro Vermelho with a height of 1075 meters. The lowest point in Montes Claros is located at the mouth of the river Ribeirão do Ouro. Furthermore, there is in Montes Claros nor the rivers Rio Verde Grande, Rio Pacuí, Rio Vieira, Rio creed and Rio São Lamberto. In addition, the city lies in the basin of the Rio São Francisco. Throughout the city there are several lakes, the Lago da Pampulha, however, is an exception, since it is located in the northeast of the city limits, in the midst of the sea of houses.

Boroughs

After some territorial losses Montes Claros is since the 1980s in nine districts ( distritos ) divided. The municipalities of Montes Claros are: Aparecida do Mundo Novo, Ermidinha, Miralta, Nova Esperança, Panorâmica, Santa Rosa de Lima, São João da Vereda, São Pedro de Garça and Vila Nova de Minas.

Climate

Montes Claros is located in the tropical climate zone. The predominant vegetation type is savanna and tropical dry forest.

The annual average temperature is 24.2 degrees Celsius in Montes Claros. The temperatures are very high throughout the year and are always 20 to 24 degrees Celsius on average. The warmest months are the months from October to March with an average of 24 degrees Celsius on average, the coldest month is July at 20 degrees Celsius on average.

The annual rainfall is 1085 millimeters on average. Especially in the summer months (October to March ) is sufficient precipitation ( 100 mm -250 mm) exist, while the winter months ( April to September) are very dry (0 mm -40 mm). Most precipitation falls during the months of November to January with 193-236 millimeters on average, least from June to August with 5-8 millimeters on average.

History

Origin

The current area of the city of Montes Claros was mostly inhabited until the 1760s only by the Indians of Tapuias and Anais. Around the year 1768 explored the Expeditiondie Espinosa, consisting of 12 Spanish and Portuguese explorers in the region. They were in search of precious stones and therefore penetrated into the hinterland of Minas de Ouro and Norte de São Paulo since Captaincy. The Governor of Esmeraldas Fernao Dias Pais organized a flag to conquer the region.

A few years earlier, at the beginning of the 18th century, the discoverer Antônio Gonçalves Figueira and Matias Cardoso de Almeida had advanced with the river Rio Paraopeba into the hinterland. The explorers arrived in the area of Montes Claros to two years later. There they built several farms, at the places later grew larger villages, chased away the Indians and explored the region's wealth. By the decree of April 12, 1707 Antonio Goncalves Figueira received the grounds of the manor Montes Claros. It was a mile wide, three miles long and is one of three country estates in the area. It was in the headwaters of the Rio Verde Grande, on the left bank. Formiga was the second town of the estate Montes Claros. Figueira Gonçalves built roads to Tranqueiras in Bahia, to reach the cattle market and the Rio São Francisco. To further expand the cattle trade were more connections to the Rio das Velhas and built according Pitangui e Serro. The area was settled in the following years more and more and it created new bearings and villages.

Vila de Montes Claros de Formigas

Beginning of the 19th century the towns had grown quite far and Montes Claros had become a major trading point in the north of Minas Gerais. 124 years after the attainment of the estate by Antônio Gonçalves Montes Claros Figueira, the towns had developed enough to be independent. On October 18, 1831 village were raised by the politicians by law to a small town and was named Vila de Montes Claros de Formigas. New buildings were erected and medical care also been improved by new practices.

Creation and development of Montes Claros

In 1857 Vila de Montes Claros de Formigas had just over 2,000 inhabitants. On 3 July 1857, the city was then a city charter and was renamed in Montes Claros. On December 7, 1858 of new city council took office. However, in the next few years for a long time remained the city's appearance almost the same, since the city's development was slower than in the rest of the country. This was due in large part to the old means of transport and the old transport routes. Were available horses, ox carts and donkeys and the roads were narrow and dusty.

In the following years was therefore invested in the municipal urban infrastructure. In 1871 the Hospital de Caridade was built, later known as Santa Casa de Caridade. On 2 February 1880, the Escola Normal de Montes Claros was opened. On February 24, 1884, the first edition of the weekly newspaper Correio do Norte has been published. On September 14, 1886 was the opening day of the Capela de Santa Cruz, now known as the Capela do Morrinho. And on 27 October 1892, the first telegraph line of the city was finally opened.

With the completion of the first textile factory in 1882, the industry came to Montes Claros, but this factory was destroyed by a great fire on 25 July 1889. The deal was funded by the construction of the Mercado Municipal, which was inaugurated on September 3, 1899.

The most important events in the city during the 20th century, the connection of the city to the grid on 20 January 1917 the arrival of the first automobile on November 10, 1920, linking the city to complete the drinking water lines on 18 December 1938 and the connection to the telephone network on June 30, 1956.

Over time, the area of the city Montes Claros was umformiert repeatedly and suffered thereby territorial losses.

Population

Population Development

By the beginning of the 1960s the process of industrialization in Montes Claros, the city became a focus of intense migration flows. Other factors were in addition to the industrial activity also fiscal and financial incentives of the state and the promotion by the SUDENE. Immigration also led to urban sprawl. Thus, the rapid process of urbanization and lack of planning resulted in a number of areas to a strong poverty.

Over time, further improvements have been made, what the poverty rate decreased. In 1970, 74.79 percent of the population were classified as poor, while it was only 33.17 percent in 2001. The dominance of the rural area has been replaced by the dominance of the urban area. Due to the increase of productive activities in the city ( industry, trade and services ) and the increase in demand for housing due to the high population density of the city is getting further expanded and the boundaries between city and country are no longer clearly visible. Overall, in recent years, the rural population has decreased, while the total population has risen further.

Religion

According to data from the 2000 census by the IBGE religious distribution of the population is as follows: 77.13 percent are Roman Catholic, 15.58 percent are Protestant, 4.02 percent are people with no religious affiliation, 0.66 percent are spiritualists and 2, 61 per cent belong to another religion. Montes Claros Montes Claros is part of the Archdiocese, which was established on December 10, 1910 by Pope Pius X..

Policy

City Government

The city government is divided into legislative and executive branches.

The executive branch is in Montes Claros, the mayor, which is usually chosen for four years. The first mayor of the city was in 1832 José Pinheiro Neves. Overall, there were up to today 46 mayors. In 2009, the candidate of the Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro Luiz Tadeu Leite won the municipal election and is now the third time after the terms of office from 1983 to 1988 and from 1993 to 1996 mayor of the city. He was elected with 96 374 votes ( 52.58 percent of the valid votes ) in the second round, as he had not reached the necessary majority of more than 50 percent of the votes in the first ballot. It replaced the former mayor Athos Avelino Pereira of the Partido Popular Socialista.

The legislative branch consists of a chamber with fifteen seats and is elected every four years. Since 2009, the Board is composed as follows: three seats are assigned to the Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro, two seats depending on the Partido Popular Socialista and the Partido Democrático Trabalhista and one seat each accounted for a further eight other parties. The tasks of the chamber are there to initiate legislation and to adopt to control the management and administration of the city, as well as the finances.

Coat of Arms, Flag and Anthem

The coat of arms consists of a shield Portuguese, reflecting the city's history. Above the shield a crown in the form of a wall with five towers can be seen that symbolizes the determination of the city. On the shield a green pasture and blue sky, and two bright mountains are seen, which symbolize the city's name. In addition, in the sky are two yellow flower figures to see which stand for the Virgin Mary, the symbol of the Immaculate Conception and St. Joseph, the patron saint of the city. On each side next to the sign is ever a date: on the left in 1707, the date of the first foundation of the village and on the right side in 1857, the date of the survey Montes Claros to the rank of a city. Under the plate is located in a banner of the verse sub umbra alarum tuarum (Latin for Under the shadow of Thy wings, Psalm 17, 8).

The flag of Montes Claros emerged from a competition in which everyone could participate. We evaluated the proposals by a special committee, which was created specifically for this purpose. The flag contains the colors light blue and green in stripes. Also located in the middle of a slightly shifted to the left yellow circle in which two white mountain peaks can be seen. The winners flag was adopted as the official symbol of the city by the decree No. 564 on 18 November 1981. The designer was Edgar Pereira Antunes. The colors of the flag each have a specific meaning: Light blue symbolizes the natural, clear blue skies of the wilderness and the numerous green pastures and livestock. The yellow circle symbolizes the sun, bright light. The white mountain peaks are a reference to the city name.

In addition, the city has an anthem. The text is written Yvone Silveira and the music came from Clarice Sarmento:

Nas Manhas gloriosas the Bandeiras, Nascestes protegida pela Cruz, Plantada pela fibra de Figueira, Ao pé dos montes, refletindo luz. No sertão ressequido the Gerais, O pranto inaugural dos teus filhos Rasgou teu solo, para nunca mais Perderes Lutas nem perderes Deus.

Salve, Montes Claros! És nortestrela! Crescendo arrojada e altaneira, História de vais fluindo bravuras Com o orgulho de seres brasileira.

Tu és uma cidade consagrada Pela vez dos teus bardos e cantores, Que contelhas de ouro, na alvorada, Semearam, exaltando os teus primores. Os dois irmãos alertas, lucilantes Louvam o teu progresso, tua grandeza, E em sintonia, nos teus horizontes, A Liberdade Brilha em realeza.

Salve, Montes Claros! És nortestrela! Crescendo arrojada e altaneira, Histórias vais fluindo de bravuras Com o orgulho de seres brasileira.

Culture and sights

Theater

For a long time there was no theater in Montes Claros, apart from a few sporadic appearances of Colégio Imaculada Conceição. Today, however, some institutions take care of the area of the performing arts in Montes Claros. Thus, the Conservatorio de Música Estadual Lorenzo Fernandez offer (State Academy of Music ) and the Faculdade de Educação Artística (Faculty of Arts Education ), which belongs to UNIMONTES, courses in the performing arts to the public and host several performances a year. In addition, these institutions and some activists fighting for his own theater house and an organization that cares.

Film

One of the most important events in Montes Claros is the Festival de Cinema de Montes Claros ( Film Festival in Montes Claros ). It takes place in May since 2010 every year. Here, films of several Brazilian directors, and especially films by directors from the northern region of the state of Minas Gerais are presented. Shown are short and feature films, but also particularly children's films. In addition, several workshops will be offered on the subject of cinema. In the end, the best film of the festival will be selected by a jury and awarded the Troféu Guimarães Rosa. The award is a tribute to the Brazilian writer João Guimarães Rosa, whose books were an inspiration for many movies.

Structures

The oldest and most important buildings are three churches. The Catedral de Nossa Senhora Aparecida ( Cathedral of us loving wife appeared ) in the southwest of the urban area, the Igreja dos Morrinhos in the city center, as well as the Igreja Matriz (Main Church ).

Nature

Montes Claros has several large parks, lakes, caves and archaeological sites.

The Parque Municipal Milton Prates in the southwest of the urban area has a very large green area, a lake and is located at the Municipal Zoológico Montes Claros, the Municipal Zoo. In addition, there are sports facilities and a boat rental. The Parque da sapucaia is located about two kilometers from the southern suburbs. There he is right at the foot of the Serra do Ibituruna. There is a forest reserve and the mountainous terrain is ideal for extreme sports and for hiking. The Parque Guimarães Rosa is located on the southwestern outskirts, and was opened on 7 August 1989. The park is a land of 46.35 hectares one of the largest green areas of the borough. The park was created to minimize the lack of green spaces in the city to be the natural needs of the residents meet to protect the flora and fauna and to create an attraction for tourism.

In the city of Montes Claros, there are also many caves that can be visited. The Lapa Encantada attracts visitors with its beautiful waterfalls and with its more than a kilometer underground rivers. In addition to the Gruta do engenho is also the Lapa Grande open to visitors. This is one of the largest caves and is located about twelve kilometers away from the urban area. In sedimentary rock of the cave fossils were found of several animals. Here there is also the most important archaeological site, the Complexo da Lapa Grande espeleológico. In total there are 164 archaeological sites in Montes Claros.

Sports

Although soccer is the national sport in Brazil, there was in Montes Claros long time no club who played in a higher league. It was only in 1997 played the Established in 1990, Montes Claros Futebol Clube in the Campeonato Mineiro. After the 1998 season the club but since climbed back and retired in 2004 as a professional football back. Only in 2012, the club returned to the Campeonato Mineiro Segunda Divisão, the third division of the state, back. In the meantime, the Funorte Founded in 2007, Esporte Clube in 2008, had risen in the Campeonato Mineiro II and 2010, then finally in the Campeonato Mineiro. However, in the years 2011 and 2012, the club was relegated twice and played in the 2013 Campeonato Mineiro therefore Segunda Divisão. For both clubs is the Estádio José Maria de Melo in the northwest of the city with a capacity of 5,000 spectators to the venue.

In addition to the football clubs there are in the city, a tennis club, several athletics clubs, and country clubs and gyms. There are seven sports facilities in Montes Claros, of which five private and two public systems are.

Regular events

To improve the local socio -economic development, encouraged the city to plan together with local companies and investors, festivals and events and organize. These events often attract people from the surrounding towns. Therefore, the city needs a better infrastructure, which is not only positive for the tourists, but also for the entire population of the city. During the three-day festival Carnamontes almost 200,000 people come from all parts of the country to Montes Claros. Find the following activities during the year was:

The Festival do Pequi in January
The Carnamontes in February or March
The Festival Internacional de Danças Folclóricas ( International Festival of Folk Dances ) in May
The Festas Juninas ( hard of June with associations of the city ) in June or July
The Exposição Agropecuária ( the Agricultural Exhibition in Parque de Exposição João Alencar Athayde ) in July
Festa de Agosto ( festival of August pageant on the Praça da Matriz ) in August
The FENICS (National Exhibition of Industry, Trade and Services) in August
The Psiu Poetico ( Literature Festival) in October.

Economy and infrastructure

Economy

Montes Claros is currently the most important economic center in the north of the state of Minas Gerais. Due to the good situation with one of the most important crossroads of the State of Montes Claros has therefore consumers who come from a radius of 400 km. In addition, Montes Claros is the fastest economically growing city in the north of the state and has the characteristics of a regional metropolis. The city has a growth rate of 2.2 percent per year, a GDP of 3,240,269 Brazilian Real ( IBGE, 2007) and a GDP per capita of 9,195 Brazilian Real ( IBGE, 2007).

In the primary sector, the focus of the company lies in the livestock and the resulting milk production. In agriculture, the focus is on the following products: beans, corn, cassava, cotton and rice.

The secondary sector experienced in the 1960s its economic growth. This was supported by the connection to the power grid of the power company CEMIG in 1965 and by the government agency Superintendencia de Desarrollo del Nordeste ( SUDENE ), which was created for the development of structurally weak regions in northeastern Brazil. Today, the secondary sector is still an important economic factor in Montes Claros and many industrial enterprises have settled in the city. Among them are the biggest food company Nestle, who has settled the largest factory in the world for Kondensmilchherstellung in Montes Claros, the pharmaceutical company Novo Nordisk, which operates one of the three largest factories for insulin in Latin America in the city, the textile manufacturer COTENOR, which is currently one of the modern textile factories in Latin America in Montes Claros has and the building materials company Lafarge operates in the city, the fifth largest cement plant in Brazil.

The tertiary sector is limited in Montes Claros, especially on trade, but also to other services. The city has many shopping malls. The Mercado Municipal de Montes Claros was opened early in 1899, on 8 November 1997, the Montes Claros shopping, 2003, the Popular Shopping Mário Ribeiro and on March 18, 2009, the Ibituruna Center.

Traffic

Montes Claros is a major transportation hub with an airport, railway lines and major roads.

In 1926, Montes Claros connection got to the railway. With the completion of the Ramal de Montes Claros you got after the EFCB - Linha do Centro, the railroad company Estrada de Ferro Central do Brasil. Later, the route was even part of the main line of the railway line. Thus, there was a direct connection to Rio de Janeiro and Monte Azul, which gives access to the railway network society VFFLB - had VF Leste Brasileiro, the coming railway lines talked of São Paulo to Salvador da Bahia, Bahia. The passenger was set to the line in 1969 again. Only on the section from Montes Claros to Monte Azul were still to 1996 passenger trains go. Then also, this service has been discontinued. Today the route is still used for freight.

The city has an airport, the Aeroporto de Monte Claros Mário Ribeiro, which was opened on 18 December 1939. It lies on the north-eastern suburbs. In the year 2011 224.660 million passengers and 9,394 aircraft were dispatched to the airport.

The city has very good connections to four major roads: the BR -122, BR -135, BR -251 and BR 365. The BR- 122 extends from Montes Claros to the extreme north to Fortaleza, capital of Ceará state. The BR -135 connects Montes Claros with the extreme north, namely São Luís, capital of the state of Maranhão. The BR -251 is an east -west link the Montes Claros connects with both the State of Bahia, as well as Mato Grosso. The BR -365 connects the city to Uberlândia.

There are also in Montes Claros a large system of buses that transported every day, several thousand people.

Media

Three newspapers have their headquarters in Montes Claros: Jornal O Norte de Minas, Gazeta Norte Mineira and Sucursais do Hoje em Dia e do Estado de Minas. They report daily about politics, social issues and others in Montes Claros and Minas Gerais.

In the early 1940s took the journalist Jair de Oliveira the initiative to set up a radio station. The station Rádio ZYD -7 was officially inaugurated on May 9, 1944. This transmitter, later renamed Rádio Sociedade do Norte de Minas, was one of the most important stations in Montes Claros, especially for local artists. Since 1 July 1995, the station is part of the Fundação José de Paiva Netto. Currently, ten radio stations in Montes Claros are unscrambled.

Based in Montes Claros TV station InterTV Minas Grande was founded on September 25, 1972 as TV Montes Claros and still possesses three branch in Teófilo Otoni, Curvelo and Unaí. He is responsible for the production of two daily newscasts ( MGTV 1a and 2a MGTV ) and for a week once appearing Program (O Grande Minas Rural).

Education

One of the most important educational institution in the past in Montes Claros and one of the first devices was the Colégio Imaculada Conceição. There is to this day, was established on June 14, 1907.

Today, the education on public and private institutions is mediated. Broken down, the education in the areas of pre-and primary school, secondary school ( middle and high school ) and the University.

In Montes Claros, there are 37 preschools in urban facilities. They are called Centros de Educação Infantil Municipais ( CEMEIs ). Currently, 11,095 children are taught between the ages of 2 and 5, the huge demand in the range of 2 to 4 years prevails. The facilities are expected to contribute to the implementation of quality education.

In Montes Claros, there are 26 smaller schools in rural areas and 23 urban schools. The schools are divided into primary and secondary schools.

For students Montes Claros is home to two public universities and 13 private universities. The public universities are Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros the ( UNIMONTES ) and the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais ( UFMG ), with the Instituto de Ciências Agrarias ( Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ICA). Overall, the colleges offer 50 different courses in various fields. There are currently about 30,000 students.

Sons and daughters of the town

Geraldo Majela de Castro ( born 1939 ), Brazilian Archbishop Emeritus of the Archdiocese of Montes Claros
Batata ( born 1979 ), Brazilian- Polish footballer
Tulio de Melo ( born 1985 ), Brazilian footballer

Gallery

Praça da Matriz night

Sunset in Montes Claros

Historic building in Montes Claros

Road in the rural area of Montes Claros

A farm in Montes Claros

580585