Mood disorder

The mood disorders or affective disorders ( affective disorders english ) are a group of mental disorders that are characterized primarily by a clinically significant change in mood. The affect can be pushed toward depression or increased toward mania. In this context, the term affect is used in the sense of mood. Your changes can be acute, chronic or episodic occur.

For the diagnosis drive, spontaneity, vegetative functions ( the need for sleep, appetite, libido) and social interaction also be considered. May also occur at the same disturbances of formal and substantive thinking and perception.

Conceptual history

→ For the history of the disease concept and the concept in detail see main article: Affective psychosis

The term affective disorder is in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD -10) in Chapter V. Mental and behavioral disorders (F00 -F99 ) defined binding.

Disorders

Grading and classification of affective disorders was subject to many changes over time. The following presentation is based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD -10), which differs from the structure in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM -IV).

Mania

The mania is characterized by excessive, and the situation is not appropriate elation or irritability in an exaggerated level of activity. It can occur with and without psychotic symptoms. A weaker form of mania is called hypomania.

Depression

An excessively low mood situation with lack of energy is characteristic of the depression. Your expression can be mild, moderate or severe. The latter form can occur with and without psychotic symptoms.

Bipolar Disorder

States of mania and depression, more or less regularly occur alternately, this is called bipolar disorder (also called " manic- depressive illness " or " affective bipolar disorder "). Previously, the bipolar disorder is also known as " cyclothymia ." A bipolar affective disorder is specified in the diagnosis of their current episode. Even mixed episodes are included here.

The bipolar disorders are often subdivided into bipolar I and bipolar II. As Bipolar I a manic episode is called, which is followed by at least one major depressive episode. Bipolar II involves a depressive episode, followed by at least one hypomania ( mild form of mania ). In contrast to the DSM -IV can be found in ICD- 10, this structure does not again. Bipolar II is, however, expressly classified under "Other bipolar affective disorders."

Recurrent depressive disorder

If depressive episodes occur repeatedly spoken of a recurrent depressive disorder. The ICD 10 manic episodes excludes in prehistory. These fall within the scope of bipolar disorder. Recurrent depressive disorders are also specified in the diagnosis after the appearance of the current episode. The current major depressive episode may be mild, moderate, difficult without psychotic symptoms, be difficult with psychotic symptoms or in remission (ie without depressive symptoms in the last few months ). The seasonal depressive disorder is classified here.

Persistent mood disorders

A chronic ( over several years ) depressed mood with lighter variations, that does not reach the extent of actual depression, dysthymia is called. The Cyclothymia (not to be confused with the o g cyclothymia ) is a chronic instability of mood phases with mild depression and hypomania. All criteria for the full clinical picture of depression or bipolar disorder are met at any time.

Demarcation

An organic cause is not apparent in the affective disorder, so it is an endogenous or idiopathic disorder. Reactive depression and organic brain impairments of affect are also distinguished from the affective disorder such as pure affective flattening, as they may arise, inter alia in schizophrenia or certain forms of dementia. In ICD -10, however, do not distinguish between reactive and endogenous depression and both grouped under mood disorders.

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