Moritz Gottlieb Saphir
Moritz Gottlieb Saphir ( born February 8, 1795 in Lovasberény at Székesfehérvár, † September 5, 1858 in Baden near Vienna; actually Moses sapphire) was an Austrian writer, journalist and satirist.
Life
Sapphire was the son of the merchant Gottlieb (formerly Israel) sapphire and his wife Charlotte howler. During the reign of Emperor Joseph II a family all Jewish subjects were prescribed and sapphire father chose as one of the first to be affected that name. Sapphire was sent by his family to the yeshiva to Pressburg to become a rabbi. With eleven years, Sapphire was also so at odds with his family, that he went in 1806 to Prague at your own risk and the local yeshiva attended.
But a short time later discovered Sapphire European literature for themselves and now studied English, German and Romance Languages . 1814 deprived him of the family 's permission (so probably financial support ) and brought back the still underage son. Since sapphire but did not constitute an asset to the family business, he was some time later to Pest to study Latin and Greek. There, the writing career began sapphire. In the magazine Pannonia he could debut with first works, and in 1821 he published his first book, " Poetic firstfruits ", a book of poetry that was recorded mostly benevolent.
The publisher Adolf Bäuerle invited sapphire 1822 to Vienna and hired him for his Viennese theater newspaper. Here, sapphire made so unpopular by merciless theater reviews and various essays that he was expelled in 1825 and went to Berlin.
His thereat work as editor of its arts pages Berliner Quick Post for literature, theater and socializing, the Berlin Courier and as editor of the Berlin theater almanac to 1828, called Heinrich Hubert Houben 1909 " the actual beginning of the Berlin journalism ." On December 9, 1827 founded sapphire the literary society "Tunnel über der Spree " modeled after the Ludlamshöhle, which he had heard in Vienna -. than as Theodor Fontane decades later wrote, " personal bodyguard " in his literary feuds the eloquent satirist made in Berlin more enemies so could it also prominent club colleagues from the "tunnel" no longer help (or wanted ). Wrocław journalist and playwright Karl Schall called sapphire publicly to a duel. In the Spenersche newspaper sapphire hurt the singer Henriette Sontag with a poem to a scandal led. He was sentenced to imprisonment for a short time.
After serving his sentence he moved to Munich in 1829. There he founded together with the brothers Franckh among other magazines The Bazar ( 1830) and The German horizon (1831). Right here he was again very hurtful in speech and writing. When he also satirically attacked the Bavarian royal house and insulted, he was charged with lèse-majesté, convicted, imprisoned for a short time and reported after the sentence is served from Munich.
Sapphire went to Paris, where he became very quickly through his lectures famous. Sapphire literary evenings in the salon boss Ange ( bookseller Martin Boss In ) brought him even an invitation from the French King Louis Philippe. In 1831 he came back to Munich and took over the editorship of the Bavarian observer. The following year, he converted from the Jewish religion to the Protestant faith. This and some literary restraint meant that he was soon appointed on the Royal Bavarian Court Theatre Intendanzrat.
In 1834 he returned to Vienna and wrote because he was banned from administrative bodies starting your own newspaper, again for the theater newspaper. Only with effect from January 1, 1837 this ban was lifted and the same day sapphire founded the satirical magazine " The Humorist ", which he edited until his death in 1858 ( she soon appeared six times a week in Vienna, with Leopold base, and consisted to 1862 ). During the revolution of 1848 he was first elected to lead a revolutionary writers association, but resigned shortly afterwards returned by this function and waited in Baden calming the situation from.
This behavior and the increasing political restraint in his lyrics made him the life- long pursued by the censors, later called " reactionary " for a new generation of writers as vulnerable. Legendary were, among others, his opposition to Johann Nestroy and his friendship with Ignaz Franz Castelli. There followed several lecture tours through Germany, France and Austria. After returning from one such trip left him his wife.
In the summer of 1858 Sapphire traveled to the spa town of Baden bei Wien. " Here I sit and lay sick; - Stand with one foot in the grave, go with the other against the death, "he wrote on July 21, a " revered friend and colleague, " and added one of him as a " grave font " authored poem royalty-free publication at. On September 5, 1858, he died at the age of 63 years. His last words were "Now it's over, I must go ." As administrators of the estate of the writer Friedrich Hebbel was commissioned.
Sapphire was a friend of the writer Marie Gordon, with whom he had a daughter.
His tomb is located at the Protestant Cemetery Matzleinsdorf (group 1, No. 168) in Vienna.
Works
- Declamatory Soirée (1858 )
- Silly Letters (1834 )
- Patisserie Jokus (1828 )
- Poetic firstfruits (1821 )
- Selected writings of 10 volumes. 4th Edition, Karafiat, Brno 1870
Magazine start-ups
- Midnight sheet for the starry sky of the mood and humor ( 1830)
- The German horizon. A humorous sheet for time, mind and custom ( Jaquet, Munich, 1.1831-4.1834 )
- The humorist. A magazine for jest and earnest, art, theater, socializing and custom ( Bolte, Vienna, 1.1837-25.1862 ), was attached to the time, a Humoristisch - satirical folk calendar ( 1.1851-8.1858 ). Information for ANNO ANNO and facsimiles in