Morpholine
- Diethylenoximid
- Tetrahydro-1 ,4 -oxazine
- Tetrahydro- p -oxazine
- 1,4- oxazinane
- Diethylenimidoxid
Colorless liquid with an ammoniacal odor
Liquid
1.00 g · cm -3 ( 20 ° C)
-5 ° C
129 ° C.
10.7 hPa ( 20 ° C)
8.36
Completely miscible with water
1.454 at 20 ° C.
Risk
10 ml · m-3, 36 mg · m-3
1050 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)
Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available
Morpholine is a heterocyclic liquid at room temperature organic compound with the formula C4H9NO. Saturated six-membered ring containing both an ether group and a secondary amine group; after the Hantzsch - Widman system, it is thus a hydrogenated (and therefore saturated ) oxazine or a oxazinan.
Properties
Morpholine is a flammable, hygroscopic, colorless liquid with a faint amine-like odor. With water it reacts slightly basic.
Safety
Morpholine is harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin. It causes burns. Inhalation of morpholine leads to pulmonary edema and resulting in liver and kidney damage. Nitrozating compounds (eg, nitrogen oxide, nitrite ) may form nitrosamines which can cause cancer.
Morpholine has an LD50 of 500 mg · kg -1 ( dermal, rabbit), and 1910 mg · kg -1 (oral, rat).
Production
It is obtained from diethanolamine or of bis (2- chloroethyl ) ether:
The large scale production of morpholine is carried out catalytically in the presence of hydrogen by the reaction of diethylene glycol with ammonia.
Use
- Production of vulcanization for rubber and rubber industry
- Additive in the concrete processing
- Addition to waxes, that are used to treat the surface of fresh fruits. This use is not authorized in the EU countries, but for example in the USA, Canada and South America.
- Manufacture of drugs Bufexamac, Doxepram, Emorfazon, fenclofenac, Folescutol, Fomocain, molindone, Moracizin, Morinamid, naproxen, Sulmetocin, timolol and Trimetotin and the PI3K inhibitor GDC - 0941
- In organic synthesis as a weak amine base
- Preparation of fungicides ( aldimorph, Dodemorph, fenpropimorph, Tridemorph )