Mount Rinjani

Smaller eruption of Mount Rinjani (1994 )

Lombok island with the volcano Rinjani

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The Rinjani Volcano is a layer on the Indonesian island of Lombok and after Kerinchi the second highest volcano in the country.

Geographical location

The Rinjani is an island arc volcano and one of the volcanoes of the Sunda arch. The island arc was formed by the subduction of oceanic crust, which belongs to the Indo -Australian plate. The volcanoes of the Sunda arch are highly explosive for the most part. Not far from the Rinjani is the Mount Tambora, which erupted in 1815 with a VEI of magnitude 7.

Through the Gunung Rinjani National Park, which was established in 1997, the mountain is protected. From here also the access will be organized to the crater. In the 6 x 8.5 km wide caldera is the crater lake Segara Anak 230 m deep. More than 20 villages are located around the venerated by the people as a sacred mountain.

Eruptions

According to research by an international research team of the outbreak of the Samalas in the Rinjani volcano complex in 1257, is responsible for ensuring that the following summer was marked in 1258 in Europe by continuous rain and bad harvests and became known as the year without a summer in history. This is confirmed by core analyzes from Greenland and Antarctica, which demonstrate the enormous volcanic eruption middle of the 13th century. By comparing the core material with the deposits in the vicinity of the volcano, the outbreak could be attributed to the mountain Samalas. As a result of the volcanic eruption was written on palm leaves after the chronicle Babad Lombok Pamatan, the capital of the Kingdom of Lombok, completely destroyed. The outbreak had the strength of 7 and is dated to the period from May to October 1257. The height of the column of smoke is estimated to be 43 km and the ejection volume of 40 cubic kilometers.

The last major eruptions were in May 2009 and May 2010.