Mouride

The Muridiyya is a company incorporated in the late 19th century Sufi brotherhood ( tariqa ), which today is one of the economically and socially most influential forces in Senegal. It dominates all sectors of the economy, such as transportation. Its followers live in Gambia and will be called murids ( Mourides ). The murids Amadou Bamba worship, the founder of the Community, as a saint.

Organizational structure

The Muridiyya consists of a number of clans and families, who justified the brothers, sons and pupils of Amadou Bamba. Each clan is headed by a caliph ( khalifa ) who has the authority over the marabouts and students of this clan. These caliphs in turn are compared with the general caliphs accountable, which is at the top of the brotherhood, and must give him the oath of allegiance ( jebellu ). Current General Serigne Cheikh Maty caliph is Leye (* 1924), second grandson of Amadou Bamba, son of Serigne Bara Borom Gouye Mbind. From 1943 to 2003 there were in the Brotherhood also a Kalifin, Sokhna Magat Diop. She stood in front which was founded by her father Abdalaye Yakhine Diop Muridiyya clan in Thies.

The leaders of the clans have extended grounds on which their followers on collective farms, called dara, fashion, while keeping them away for greater reward. The followers of the Muridiyya try to get through hard physical work, often on peanut fields, closer to God. A large concentration of maraboutischen farms located in the region of Djourbel.

History

The Muridiyya was founded in 1883 by Amadou Bamba. In 1887 he built with his followers own city, which he ( "blessing" in Arabic ), named after a Koranic verse (Sura 13:29 ) Touba. In 1892, Sheikh Ibra Fall, a first branch of murids in Saint- Louis, the seat of the French colonial administration. Over time, the Brotherhood, an ally of the French colonial power was. The murids were building on their plantations peanuts for the French and their supporters pledged to loyalty to the colonial masters. Amadou Bamba brought the field work to the highest virtue of his brotherhood. This led to a strong economic recovery.

After the death of Amadou Bamba in 1927 his eldest son, Mamadou Moustapha was the initial application General caliphs, ie Succeeded his father, proclaimed. The first years of the caliphate were however marked by constant discord among the leaders of the Brotherhood. A certain Cheikh Anta did not recognize the Caliphate of Mamadou and won with his claim to be the "true" Caliph, some support, so even with Amadu Bamba's second son Falilou, with whom he went 1928 on pilgrimage to Mecca.

As Mamadou 1945 was dying, he appointed his son Sheikh Mbacké Gainde Fatma successor. However, since this was seen as anti- French and had sympathies with pan-Arab groups and Senegalese opposition groups, the colonial administration intervened and made ​​sure that Falilou Mbacké was raised to General caliphs. On this occasion, was created as a body of collective leadership of the Conseil d'Administration Mouride. Sheikh Mbacké did not recognize the Caliphate of Falilou and presented with actions of his followers whose authority always question. In 1946, when for example Falilou the Magal, the annual pilgrimage to Touba, moved at the request of the colonial administration, because at the same time held elections to Scheick Mbacké refused to accept this change of date, and led the pilgrimage by the original date. In the spring of 1947 Falilou let absorb the construction of the unfinished mosque of Touba again. This measure served mainly to consolidate his religious authority. The mosque was completed in 1961 and 1963 officially opened in the presence of President Leopold Sedar Senghor.

Beginning in 1945, living young supporters of the community began murids, also in Dakar anzusiedeln.In France founded 1977 student organization abroad of Muridiyya, the Association of Étudiants et trainees Mourides d'Europe ( AESME ).

List of leaders of the murids

  • From its foundation from 1883 to 1927: Amadou Bamba
  • 1 General caliph ( 1927-1945 ): Mamadou Moustapha, eldest son of Amadou Bamba
  • 2 General caliph ( 1945-1968 ): Serigne Falilou Mbacké, 3rd son
  • 3 General Caliph Serigne Abdoul Ahad Mbacké, 6th son
  • 4 General Caliph Serigne Abdou Khadr Mbacké, 7th Son
  • 5 General caliph from 1990 to 28 December 2007: Serigne Saliou Mbacké, 8th son
  • 6 General Caliph of 29 December, 2007 to June 30, 2010: Serigne Mouhamadou Lamine Bara Mbacké ( 1925-2010 ), first grandson of Amadou Bamba, son of Serigne Fallou Mbacké
  • 7 General caliph since 1 July 2010: Serigne Cheikh Maty Leye
The Gambia Touba, Senegal Saint-Louis
584848
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