Muhammad bin Tughluq

Muhammad bin Tughluq (also Fakru d- Din Muhammad Khan Dschauna; Arabic محمد بن تغلق, DMG Muḥammad b Tuġluq; . * 1300, † March 20 1351 in Sindh ) was from 1325 to 1351 Sultan of Delhi.

Biography

Muhammad bin Tughluq was the eldest son of Ghiyas -ud -din Tughluq Shah I, the then Governor of Punjab, a northern border province in the Sultanate of Delhi. He received a comprehensive education and training. Historians describe him as intelligent, literate, ambitious and unscrupulous. He became a soldier and acquired considerable fame as a general. In 1319 his father Ghiyas -ud -din was after considerable unrest Sultan, as his predecessor had no male offspring. Muhammad remained in the military and carried out further conquests, but his thirst for power grew. His father died in 1325, but before his son had chosen as his successor. This came to the throne as Sultan al - Mujahid Muhammad bin Tughluq.

He was very ambitious as a ruler and took ambitious projects in attack, which although mostly proved failures. So he wanted to optimize the public finances and therefore could collect in all areas of the empire data on income and expenditure. Its based on tax reform brought for the majority of producers massive tax increases and drove many farmers into poverty. Even his attempt to resolve this error by loans failed because the farmers in the midst of a famine were not able to invest in new seeds. For he established a Department of Agriculture, which should promote the cultivation previously undeveloped areas of financial incentives, however, the executive officials were corrupt and the project was canceled after only three years before it could yield results. He introduced a copper currency, but it was easy to copy and quickly lost value and was soon no longer accepted as payment. He then withdrew the currency reform.

His biggest failure was the transfer of the capital from Delhi in the 1000 km further south Devagiri, which he renamed Daulatabad in order to better manage his empire, which extended to the southern tip of the Indian subcontinent can. This led, however, to the fact that the north-western borders were not adequately defended. So could the Mongol invasion of 1328/29, which ravaged the country to the region of Delhi oppose anything. Instead, Muhammad bribed the Mongols leader and so revealed his enemies the weakness of his government, but moved the capital back to Delhi. All this meant that the Sultan was increasingly unpopular during his reign and lost the confidence of his subordinates.

So also occurred in Muhammad's dominion numerous rebellions on, as a result he lost big parts of his empire, including all areas south of the Narmada, where in 1335 the Malabar Kingdom, 1336, the Vijayanagar Empire and were able to establish the Bahmani Sultanate after 1347, and a portion of the central area ( in present-day Rajasthan ). In addition there were numerous rebellions in the northwestern border region (present-day Pakistan and Kashmir ) as well as in Bengal. In 1351 he fell ill during an attempt to quell a rebellion in Sindh, and died there on March 20, 1351st Since he had no children, his cousin Firuz Shah Tughluq became his successor. He was probably buried in the mausoleum of his father in Delhi.

Swell

• Lal Ashirbadi Sivastava: The Sultanate of Delhi (711-1526 AD) Shiva Lal Agarwala & Company, Agra 1969
• Ziya' -ud -Din Barani ( lived over seventeen years at his court )
• Ibn Batuta ( spent seven years at his court and in his service )