Muhammadiyah

Muhammadiyah (Arabic: " followers of Mohammed ", full name: Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah ) is an Islamic organization in Indonesia. It was founded in 1912 by Ahmad Dahlan in the city of Yogyakarta as Salafi reformist religious- social movement and represents the principle of ijtihad, ie the individual interpretation of the Koran and the Sunnah - as a counterpart to taqlid, where the traditional interpretations submitted by the Ulama accepted must be.

With about 30 million members, it is currently on the Nahdatul Ulama the second largest Islamic organization in Indonesia. Although leaders and members of Muhammadiyah are often actively involved in the political process in the country and the organization is considered to be influential, it is not a political party; they devoted to social, charitable and educational activities.

History

On November 18, In 1912 Ahmad Dahlan, a court official of the Kraton Yogyakarta and a trained Muslim scholar in Mecca, the Muhammadiyah in Yogyakarta. The motivation for the foundation was the widespread syncretism in Indonesian, and especially Javanese, Muslim society. Ahmad Dahlan, who was in the sign of the Egyptian reformist Muhammad Abduh, regarded these practices as evidence of shirk and idolatry. Therefore, the Muhammadiyah has since its beginnings concerned with the preservation of the principle of Tawheed and the further development of monotheism in society.

Between 1913 and 1918, the Muhammadiyah founded five Islamic schools, in 1919, became an Islamic university, the Hooge School Muhammadiyah, founded.

In 1925, two years after the death of the founder Dahlan, Muhammadiyah had 4,000 members, and had 55 schools and two clinics in Surabaya and Yogyakarta built. After the reformer Abdul Karim Amrullah has established Muhammadiyah in the dynamic Muslim community of the Minangkabau, the organization developed rapidly. In 1938, the organization had 250,000 members and managed 834 mosques, 31 libraries, 1,774 schools and 7,630 Ulama. Dealer Minangkabau spread the organization throughout Indonesia.

Teaching

The central teaching of the Muhammadiyah is Sunni Islam; the main focus of the movement is out, however, for moral responsibility to increase the sense of the people and to purify their faith in the direction of true Islam. They emphasize the authority of the Qur'an and Hadith as the highest Islamic law that serves as the basis of legitimacy of the interpretation and development of religious beliefs and practices, in contrast to traditional practices, where the Sharia has been applied in the religious schools by the Ulama.

The Muhammadiyah is the syncretism to strongly negative, of Islam in Indonesia merges with animist and Hindu- Buddhist values ​​from the pre- Islamic period and is common among villagers. Furthermore, opposes the Muhammadiyah the tradition of Sufism, which is the Sufi leaders ( sheikhs ) grants to be official authority for Muslims.

Fatwa against smoking

In 2010, the Muhammadiyah issued a fatwa against smoking and also wanted to ask the Indonesian government to ratify the " Anti-Tobacco Framework Convention ," the World Health Organization (WHO). The Chairman of the Muhammadiyah Fatwakomitees, Yunahar Ilyas, thereby comparing smoking with suicide and called it for this reason as Haram. In January 2009, the Majelis Ulama Indonesia ( "Indonesian Council of Ulamas ", the highest committee of Islam in Indonesia) had issued a fatwa against smoking in public.