Municipalities of Mexico
A Mexican municipality is an administrative district in the Central American state of Mexico, comparable to a county or municipality in Germany. It is after the Estado the second highest national administrative level dar.
Political Structure
A municipality is an independent administrative unit, unless national or federal territories to be touched. The concept is anchored under the name Municipio Libre in the Mexican Constitution in Article 115. Each municipality is headed by a certain in free and secret ballot Ayuntamiento, which is the highest representative of the Presidente Municipal. He is directly elected and can not be re-elected in the next legislative session, but probably at a later date.
A municipality includes at least one, but usually several settlements ( Localidades ) a. Are several Localidades Provided that in a municipality, usually the biggest is the seat of the Ayuntamiento, in the send the other their elected representatives.
Data
Currently (as of March 31, 2012 ) are divided into a total of 31 states 2,445 Municipalities. The municipality with the largest area is Ensenada in Baja California with 51952.26 km ², is the smallest San Lorenzo Axocomantila in Tlaxcala 4.34 km ². The highest number of inhabitants has Ecatepec de Morelos, México 1,656,107 with the lowest Santa Magdalena Jicotlán in Oaxaca with 93 (as of: census 2010). The twenty Municipalities with the smallest population are all located in Oaxaca, the state with most of Municipalities ( 570). Baja California and Baja California Sur have the fewest municipios with five.
Tasks
The municipality has statutory responsibility for:
- Water and Wastewater
- Collection and disposal of waste
- Markets and supply centers
- Street lighting
- Public Safety within the meaning of § 21
- Traffic
- Cemeteries
- Streets, parks and gardens
Furthermore, national or federal duties by the competent government are transferred to a vote. These include:
- Training
- Emergency and health services
- Protection of the environment
- Maintenance of monuments and historical sites
Mexico City
→ Main article: Mexico City
Mexico City is a federal district an exception and does not apply as a municipality, nor is subdivided into those; Instead, the Federal District is divided into 16 delegaciones. In colloquial usage, a distinction is made between Distrito Federal ( usually abbreviated as DF ) for the Federal Circuit and Ciudad de México for the capital.