Murg (Northern Black Forest)
In Hörden the Murg is channeled
The Murg is a 80.2 km ( with source Bach Rechtmurg ) long, south-southeast and orographic right tributary of the Rhine in Baden-Württemberg counties Freudenstadt and Rastatt. It flows in the Black Forest and in the Upper Rhine Plain.
Course
The Murg has two major headwaters on the western edge of the Baiersbronner municipal territory: The main source stream is the right side Rechtmurg, the ground below the head at about 870 m above sea level. NHN height at Murgursprung springs; next door is a water tank ( 879.3 m). A little above this origin arise, as the top Rechtmurg source streams, the streams Schurenbach and watering Pond, whose lengths vary depending on rainfall volume and bulk. The left side source stream is the Rotmurg that entfließt below the summit hearthstone ( 915 m) the Rotmurgbrunnen (also 915 m) and is among others of the small tributaries close to the source Finsterbächle and Muckenbächle. Only from their situated at about 595 m height association in the suburb of upper valley of the Murg river is called.
The Murg runs through one of the largest valleys of the Black Forest - the Murg Valley. From the union of its two headwaters it flows in the western part of the northern Black Forest of upper valley southeast by Mitteltal to Baiersbronn and then northeastward to Kloster Reichenbach. From then on she goes - along the national road 462 and the Murgtalbahn - north- westwards through Röt, Huzenbach, Schoenmuenzach to Forbach and Gausbach. After this happened the Murg Lange fire and Au in the Murg Valley and flows through Weisenbach to then pass to get to Hilpertsau, Obertsrot, scouring and Gernsbach to Hörden. From then on she runs northwestward through Ottenau, past and Gaggenau Bad Rotenfels and at Oberndorf, Bischweier and, after leaving the B & 462, hilltop home, where they reached the Upper Rhine Valley. After passing under the motorway and 5 passing Niederbühl the Murg flows at cross under the highway 3, the Rhine and the Rhine Valley line train Rastatt, only to pass Rheinau.
Finally, the Murg opens after passing stone walls at about 110 m altitude at Rhine kilometer 344.5 in the Rhine; topographical maps, according to an estuary near point lies on the west of the estuary located land between the Rhine and Murg 111.8 m height.
On the French side is located approximately opposite the Murgmündung the mouth of the coming of the northern Vosges Sauer into the Rhine.
River length
From the union of their two source streams ( Rechtmurg and Rotmurg ) in Baiersbronn- Murg is the upper valley to its confluence with the Rhine 72.350 km (~ 72.4 km ) long. Along with the on Rotmurgbrunnen springing at Hearthstone Rotmurg it is 79.661 km (~ 79.7 km ) and together with the head on the ground swelling at Murgursprung Rechtmurg with 7.881 km flow distance is 80.231 km (~ 80.2 km ) long.
Catchment and inflows
The catchment area of the Murg 617 km ². Its tributaries include the left side Tonbach, Schönmünz, Raumünzach and Oos ( North Arm ) and right-sided Forbach and Sasbach.
Natural areas
The Murg flows from south to north four distinctly different scenic valley floors.
The upper valley in the town of Baiersbronn is a typical Black Forest valley with wide meadow grounds and once largely agricultural villages. Many of the side valleys have a typical Trogtalform with steep slopes.
The mean Murg Valley is a desert, traversed by granite cliffs and wooded gorge has up to 3.3%, a bed slope like a high mountain lakes. The Murg was until 1918 because of its water weight along with the Raumünzach, their water-rich tributary, a famous whitewater. Since then, the hydroelectric potential of the river is used in Murgkraftwerk. It is a little above Forbach, the main town of this valley portion.
The lower is the Murg Valley, next to the meadow valley, one of the major industrial streets in the Black Forest. The valley is about 700 feet deep, beginning with impassable gorge sole that increasingly widens and an urban ribbon of numerous villages and towns can accommodate. Historical Centre is happy to Bach, among others, with its paper and board industry, Gaggenau largest city is rich in tradition with motor vehicle ( and Others Unimog). The river is in many places accompanied by commercial channels, and is almost entirely channeled from Gernsbach -Nord. In height Bischweier renaturation was carried out in 2011. The aim is to create a natural river bed with flow, substrate and depth differences, so that different for fish and small animals sub-habitats occur. The river bed can be left largely to themselves because of hidden security measures here.
For hilltop home the Murg in the Rhine valley emerges from where it flows around the center of Rastatt. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries the Murgverlauf was straightened in the Rhine Valley. Just before the present mouth of the Rhine at stone walls of the flow channel breaks through the wetlands of the Rastatt floodplains. The estuary was moved during the straightening of the Rhine by Johann Gottfried Tulla about 1.5 kilometers to the northwest.
Administrative divisions
Between Baiersbronn- Schoenmuenzach and Forbach - Kirschbaumwasen the former border between Württemberg and Baden runs. The upper part of the valley formerly Württemberg is now part of the district of Freudenstadt. The lower, from the 12th century populated by the Ebersteinern and later Baden section is now part of the district of Rastatt.
Dialect
Murg Valley several dialect areas meet. The area at the headwaters to the altwürttembergische Baiersbronn, forms the westernmost tip of the Swabian dialect area. The downstream following Old Dominion border to Baden is identical to the still very strong dialect boundary to the Upper Rhine Alemannic, which dominates the middle reaches of the Murg. In the lower reaches of the Murg there is an Alemannic - Franconian dialect transition with numerous southFrankish dialect features.
Economy and infrastructure
Traffic
The Valley follow the Murgtalbahn and the Black Forest Valleys road ( Federal Road 462 ); include both structural engineering and landscape to the most remarkable roads in Germany.
The gorge-like character of the middle Murg presented for the development of transport infrastructure over the centuries a large obstacle, the first street of Gernsbach the upper valley skirted this section: The Old wine street called trade route led steeply uphill and ran along the ridges of the eastern side of the valley. Only in the second half of the 18th century has been a continuous road built in the valley.
The construction of the Murgtalbahn was started in the form of independent random routes of Rastatt and Freudenstadt. In Baden side of the first section of Rastatt - Gernsbach went into operation in 1869, Württemberg followed in 1901 with the track Freudenstadt monastery Reichenbach. After several expansion stages a continuous rail link was established only in 1928, ie 60 years after the start of construction and only when the respective countries tracks the sovereignty of the German Empire were subordinated.
Rafting
Until the 19th century the Murg was an important trade route for the timber - rafting in the valley. The timber merchant and sawmill owners in ebersteinischen (later Baden ) merged to form the valley portion trading company Murgschifferschaft, the first Statutes of 1488 comes. The whipped in the middle and lower Murg valley wood was floated on the Murg up stone walls, where it was dried and assembled into larger rafts. These were from the Rhein - rafters, which had a monopoly on this section, spent on the Rhine to Mannheim. In Mannheim, then even larger floating wood composites were created and partially floated to the Netherlands.
In the 18th century a great boom in the timber trade, which led to the end of the century in the forests to large clearcuts developed by the large demand from the Netherlands to Long wood. Instead of Murgschifferschaft that specializes in lumber and was not well funded for the implementation of large long timber business, took over other Holzkompagnien this business.
The timber transport has been hampered by the gorge of the central valley; this section could not be consistently traveled with rafts to 1768. Already in the early 18th century Württemberg wood trading companies had tried to create by blasting of rocks in the river bed a raft road to bring the tribes from the upper part of the valley rapidly to the Rhine and to Holland. However, had, about 200 vertical meters up the hill to be transported up to it then verflößen over the neighboring valleys of Nagold Enz and also because of differences with the co-ruling in Gernsbach Bishopric of Speyer, a large part of Württemberg in wood Huzenbach. These were built in 1755 a machine called a lift. With a series by human power of moving wheels the logs were hauled up on ropes in a wooden channel the steep mountainside. The fragile construction was abandoned after a few years and taken over the transport back from carts.
To flood the tribes by drift from the side valleys in the Murg, was built in the woods dams ( Schwallungen ) as the Herrenwieser drenching and dammed lakes on existing on.
Rafting lost after the construction of Murgtalbahn important. 1896 drove the last raft down the Murg, since 1913 rested rafting and in 1923 officially prohibited.
Hiking and cycling
The course of the Murg from the source to the estuary since 1981, the 100 km long Murgtalwanderweg follows. The trail leads Murgleiter to 110 km between Gaggenau and sanding head over hills on both sides of the river. The Gernsbacher round explores the heights of the Murg valley at Gernsbach. In Forbach Westweg crosses as part of the European long-distance route E1 the valley.
The beginning 67 km long, in Freudenstadt Radwanderweg Tour de Murg accompanied the river from Baiersbronn to Rastatt.
Cities and Towns
From the source to the mouth lie along the Murg these towns and cities:
- Baiersbronn
- Forbach
- Weisenbach
- Gernsbach
- Gaggenau
- Bischweier
- Kuppenheim
- Rastatt
- Stone walls